Microbiology Flashcards
What are samples that we can use to look at organism
Blood CSF Fluid Swabs Line tops Tissues Urine
What stain is used to identify positive and negaitve gram bacteria
Gram stains
How is gram stain carried out
- Add cystal violet
- Add iodine
- Add alcohol
- Add sacranin
What colour does gram positive stain
Purple
Why is gram positive bacteria purple
They retain cystal violet due to their thick peptidocyglan cell wall
What do we further classify gram positive into
Cocci
Baccili (rods)
What are examles of gram positive cocci
Staphylococcus
Steptococcus
Enterococcus
What colour does gram negative bacteria stain
Pink
Why does gram negative stain pink
They have a thin peptidocyglan wall so crystal violet washes out
What is gram negative further classed into
Cocci
Bacilli (rods)
What are the 2 main types of staphyloccoccues
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphyloccoccues epidermidis
What is the difference between staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus is coagulase positive
Staphyloccocus epidermidis is coagulase negative
Where does staphylococcus auerues tend to live on
Skin
What are 3 examples of streptococcus
Streptococcus pnuemonia
Beta haemolytic steptococci
Viridans streptococci
What type of infection streptococcus species cause
Pnuemonia
Skin and soft tissue infection
Endocarditis
Abscess: liver and dental
What are the 3 types of enterococcus
Enterococus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Which type of enteroccus can be treated with amoxicillin
Enterococcus faecalis
Which type of enterococcus is resistant to amoxicillin
Enteroccoccus faecium
What type of infection can enterococcus cause
Endocarditis
Intra abdominal infections
What are the organims of gram positive bacilli
(ABCDL) Actinomyces Bacillus cereus/ bacillus anthracis Corynebacterium diptheria Listeria monocyogenes
What are the examples of gram negative cocci
Neisseria meningitidis
Neirserria gonorhhea
Moraxella carrhalis
What infections do gram negative cocci cause
Menigitis
GU infections
Pneumonia
Where does gram negative bacilli affect
Below the diaphragm
What are examples of organism of gram negative bacilli (rods)
E.coli
Klebisella pnuemonia
Proteus mirabilis
What type of infection does gram negative bacilli cause
Urosepsis
Gi infections
Intra abdominal abscessess
What are anarebes sensitive to
Metronidazole
What stain do we use to to indentidy mycobacteria e.g mycobacterium tb
Ziehl neelsen stain
Where does mycobacterium tuberculosis mainly affect
Lungs
Lymph nodes
What is the treatment for myocbacterium tuberculosis
6 months of RIPE Ripamicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
What can non tuberculosis myobacterium cause infection in
Immunocompromised
Prostthetic material
Bronchiectasis
What are viruses classed into
RNA virus
DNA virus
What are the types HSV virus
HSV1- caused oral infection
HSV2- causes genital infecitons
What is HSV treated by
Aciclovir
What are the types of influenza
Influenza a
Influenza b
What is the treatment of influenza
Tamiflu
