Fungal Infections Flashcards
What type of cells are fungi
Eukaryotic cells
What does the cell wall of fungi contain
Chitin
Glucans
What does the membrane of fungi contain
Ergosterol
What are examples of dermatophyte (tinea) infections
Tinea pedis
Tina corpus
What is tinea pedis
Atheletes foot
What is tinea corpus
Ring worms
What is the treatment of tinea infections
Topical terbinafine
Ketoconazole
Clotrimazole
What is the most most significant/common candida
Candida albicans
What infections does candida albicans cause
Oral thrush
Vaginal thrush
Invasive candidiasis
Which group of people are likely to get oral thrush
Immunocompromised
Denture weared
Inhaled steroids
What are the symptoms of oral thrush
Painful mouth
White plaques
Inflamed mucosa
Painful swallowing
What is the treatment of oral thrush
Nystatin mouth wash
Clotrimazole
Miconazole
Fluocanozole (oral)
What group of people is vaginal thrush common in
Increased ostreogen use
Antibitoics use
Steroids
Diabetes
What are the symptoms of vaginal thrush
Vulva itching
Soreness
Discharge- whtie and thick
Dysuria
What is the treatment of vaginal thrush
Clotrimazole cream
Oral fluconozole
What group of people does invasive candidiasis occur in
People with mucosal breaks e.g central line
Immunosupressed (neutropenic, septic)
Which candida is common in invasive candiasis
Non albicans candida
What can the invasive candidiasis affect
Spleen Heart Kidneys Eyes Skin
How is the diagnosis of invasive candidasis made
Blood or tissue culture
Beta d glucan
PCR
What is the treatment of invasive candidiassis by
Echinocandin
Fluconazole
Amphotericin b
What is cryptococosis
Yeast
How does cyrotococcosis infect
People can breath it into the lungs where macrophages usually kill it but when people have impaired immunity it can spread to cause pneumonia and cryptococcal meningitis
Name a spore forming mould
Aspergillus
How does aspergillus infect
By inhalation
What disease can aspergillus cause
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Invasive aspergillosis
What is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Hypersensitivity airway reaction seen in asthma or cystic fibrosis
What are the symptoms of ABPA
Asthma exacerbation
Brown mucous plugs
Haemoptysis
How do we diagnose ABPA
Radiology
Immunology: raised total IGE, positive aspergillus IGE and eosinophillia
What is the treatment of ABPA
Prednisolone
What is chornic pulmonary aspergillosis
Infection of the lung tissue by aspergillus which shows slow progressve noldule formation, cavitation and fibrosis
What people can chronic pulmonary aspergillosis occur in
People with
COPD
TB
I.e immune competent but with chronic lung disease
What are the symptoms of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Weight loss
Cough
SOB
Haemoptysis
What is the diagnosis if chronic pulmonary aspergillus by
Radiology
Microbiology: isolation of aspergills or aspergillus igg in serum
What is the treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillus
Itraxonazole
Surgery
Embolization
What does invasive aspergillus occur in
People who have transplant and there is no neutrophils so aspergillus invades
What is the diagnossis of invasive aspergillus by
Histopathology Culture Galactomannan serum Beta d glucan Pcr test
What is the treatment of invasive aspergillus
Voriconazole
Amphotericin
What is the type of fungi of mucomycosis
Mould
Who does mucormycosis usually affect
People with:
Haemotological malignancy
High dose steroids
DKA
What type of infection does mucormycosis present with
Rhino-orbital cerebral and pulmonary infections
What is the treatment of mucormycosis by
Radical surgery
Amphotericin b
Name the group of antifungal drugs that can be used to treat fungal infection
Amphotericin b
Azoles
Echonocandins
Flucytosine
What is the mechanism of action of amphotericin b
Binds to egosterol and forms pores in the cell membrane
What is the mechanism of aciton of azole
Inhibits ergosterol synthesis and damages the cell fungal membrane
What are the mechanism of action of echinocandins
Non competitive inhibitors of 1,3 beta d glucan in the cell wall and affect the cell wall cross linking by reducing it and weakening the cell wall
What is the mechanism of action of flucytosine
Interferes with dna and protein synthesis (developed as potential tumout agent)
