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infection > Gastrointestinal Infections > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common symptoms of GI infections

A

Abdominal pain or cramping
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Fever

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2
Q

What are the 2 main sources of organism for GI infections

A

Exogenous

Endogenous

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3
Q

What are the endogenous organisms

A

Organims in the system that are already in th GIT, if we disrupt it we can lose the balance of the organism

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4
Q

What are exogenous organism

A

Foreign organims that we introduce to the system that already was not there

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5
Q

How can we alter the gut microflora

A

Immunosuppresion e.g chemotherapy, steroids, antibiotics

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6
Q

What are the common gut flora

A

Anaerobes
Gram negative organism
Gram positive organism
Fungi

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7
Q

What are a group of gram negative organism

A

Enterobacteraeciae

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8
Q

Examples of enterobacteraeciae

A

E.coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter

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9
Q

What are the bacterias that can affect us (exogenous organism)

A 
Campylobacter
Salmonella
Vibrio 
Stap enterotoxin 
Clostridium perfringens
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10
Q

What are the viruses that can affect us (exogenous organism)

A

Rotavirus

Norovirus

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11
Q

What are the parasites that can affect us (exogenous organism)

A

Giardia

Worms

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12
Q

If you have oseophagitis what can this present as

A

Difficulty swallowing

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13
Q

If there is gastritis due to h.pylori what can it present as

A

Cramping and pain

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14
Q

If there is hepatits and abscess what can this present as

A

Jaundice and pain

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15
Q

If there is cholangitis what can this present as

A

Right upper quadrant pain

Jaundice

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16
Q

If there is pancreatitis what can this present as

A

Pain

Shock

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17
Q

If there is enteritis what can this present as

A

Watery diarrhoea

Shock

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18
Q

If there is peritonitis what can this present as

A

Pain

Shock

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19
Q

What is the definition of diarrhoea

A

Inflammaiton of the intestine
Intestine is not absoribing water from the stool
It is watery/loose stools (type5-7) that occurs at least 3time a day

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20
Q

How do we rate the types of the stools

A

Bristol stool chart

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21
Q

What is gastro-enteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

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22
Q

What can oesophagitis be caused by

A

CMV (cytomegalovirus)

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23
Q

What will oseophagitis show on endoscopyy

A

Ulcers

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24
Q

What will the biopsy for oesophagitis show

A

Inclusion bodies (owl eyes) which are viral replication

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25
Q

What is the treatment for oesophagitis

A 
Reduce immunosuprresion 
Give ganciclovir (antiviral for CMV)
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26
Q

What is thrus/candiasis caused by

A

Overgrowth of candida albicans

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27
Q

Where is candida albicans usually found

A

In the gut flora

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28
Q

How do we treat thrush

A

Anti fungals called flucanazole

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29
Q

What is gastritis caused by

A

Helicobacter pylori

30
Q

What can gastritic lead to

A

Stomach or duondeum ulcers

31
Q

What is the diagnostic test for gastritis

A

Urea breath test

Rapid urease test (CLO) test

32
Q

What can untreated h.pylori lead to

A

Stomach cancer

Gastric MALT lymphoma

33
Q

What is the treatment of gastritis

A

Proton pump inhibitor
Clarithromycin (antibiotics)
Amoxicillin or metrodidaxole (if allergic to penicillin)

34
Q

What type of diarrhoe does the small intestine present with

A

Watery diarrhoea

35
Q

What type of diarrhoea does the large intestine present with

A

Bloody diarrhoea

36
Q

What are the 2 main ways bacteria can cause diarrhoea

A
  1. Toxin production by the bacteria (enterotoxin)

2. Direct damage to the intestine that causes bloody diarrhoea

37
Q

Which organism produce enterotoxin

A 
Staph aureus 
Clostridum perfringens 
Clostridioides difficile
Bacillus cereus
Vibrio cholera
38
Q

What type of bacteria is staph aurues

A

Gram positive cocci

39
Q

How do we get staph aureus

A

Contaminated food by skin, or undercooked food

40
Q

What onsent does staph aurues have

A

Rapid

41
Q

What type of bacteria is clostridum perfringens

A

Gram positive bacilli

42
Q

Where do we get clostridum perfringens from

A

Contaminated food

43
Q

What is the symptoms of clostridium perfringens

A

Explosive diarrhoea

Cramping

44
Q

How does c.diff (clostriodes difficile) overgrow

A
  • broad spectrum antibiotics use

- proton pump inhibitor

45
Q

What are the symptoms of c.diff

A

Foul smelling diarrhoea
Fever
Dehydration shock

46
Q

What does c.diff form

A

Spores

47
Q

What are the complication of c.diff toxin production

A

Toxic megacolon

Bowel perforation

48
Q

What is the treatment for c.diff if mild

A

Metronidazole

49
Q

What is the treatment for c.diff if moderate/severe

A

Vancomycin

50
Q

What is the treatment for antibitoics with recurrent c.diff

A

Fidaxomycin

51
Q

What are the other treatment methods for c.diff apart from antibitoics

A

Faecel transplant

52
Q

What is bacillus cereus associated with

A

Rice that is not cooked and left at room temperature so spores germinate and produce toxin

53
Q

What are types of toxin that bacillius cereus produce

A

Emetic : vomiting within 1-5 hours

Diarrhoeal: diarrhoea within 8-16 hours

54
Q

What does vibrio cholera present as

A

Watery diarrhoea

55
Q

Why does vibrio cholera cause watery diarrhoea

A

Opens CTFR channel, chloride is secreted into the gut lumen and sodium and water follow

56
Q

Which bacteria cause direct damage to the mucosa

A

Salmonella
Shigella
Campylobacter
E.coli

57
Q

What does salmonella enteritidis present with

A

Bloody diarhoea

Abdominal pain

58
Q

What is the source of infection of salmonell enetritidis

A

Undercooked meat

59
Q

How is salmonella typhi different to salmonella enteriditis

A

Salmonella typhi does nto cause gastro enteritis it causes enteric fever
It also takes longer to show symptoms

60
Q

What are the symptoms of salmonella typhi

A 
Fever
Mylagia
Abdominla pain
Rash 
Constipation/diarrhoe/no bowel change
61
Q

What antibiotic is salmonella typhi treated with

A

Azithromycin

62
Q

What symptoms does shigella present with

A

Bloody diarhhoe
Abdominal pain
Colonic perforation

63
Q

What are the complications of shigella

A

Reactive arthritis
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Conjunctivitis

64
Q

What is camplyobacter jejuni associated with

A

Undercooked meat
Unpasterourised milk
Contamined water

65
Q

What is a complication of campylobacter jejuni

A

Gullian barre syndrome

Reactive artrhitis

66
Q

What are the antigens of e.coli

A

O
K
H

67
Q

What does different antigens of e.coli result in

A

Different stereotypes of e.coli

68
Q

What is the treatment of e.coli

A

No treatment because if you give antibiotics you will allow the toxin to come out of the e.coli and become released which makes outcome worse

69
Q

Whata are the 3 main viral causes of diarrhoea

A

Rotavirus
Norovirus
Adenovirus

70
Q

What is the history period of parastic infection for diarrhoea

A

Long

71
Q

What are the types of parasites that can cause diarrhoea

A

Giardia
Worms
Shichstosomiasis

72
Q

How is an acute diarrhoea investigate for infection

A

Stool sample is sent to microbiology

infection (17 decks)

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