Microbial diseases: nervous system Flashcards
What are the three membranes of the spinal cord and brain called?
Meninges
What is the outside layer called?
Dura mater
What is the middle membrane called?
Arachnoid mater
What two spaces are found between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?
Subarachnoid space and Cerebral fluid (CSF)
Inner membrane?
Pia mater
how many ml of CSF are in between the arachnoid mater and pia?
100-150… I think
What is the blood brain barrier?
Certain capillaries permit some substances to pass from the blood into the brain (Restricts others)
What alters the permeability of the blood brain barrier?
Inflammation
What is meningitis?
inflammation of the meninges
What is encephalitis?
Inflammation of the brain
What passes the BBB?
Lipid soluble drugs and small molecules
DO you have a fever with both meningitis and encephalitis?
Yes
Do you have a headache, nausea, vomiting, and lethargy with both meningitis and encephalitis?
Yes
Do you have photophobia and neck stiffness with both meningitis and encephalitis?
Just meningitis
Why is pathogenic bacteria so serious?
Bacterial infections can have fatal consequences in the brain and spinal cord (lack of complement)
What can meningitis be caused by?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa
Is viral meningitis more common?
Yes
Is viral meningitis more mild or severe?
Mild
When does viral meningitis mostly occur?
Summer and fall months
Where are enteroviruses found in the body that causes viral meningitis?
Throat and intestinal tract
_____ _______: capsule: protects from phagocytosis( replicates rapidly)
Bacteria pathogens
_____ ______: Release cell wall fragments
Bacteria pathogens
_____ ______: Patients die from shock or inflammation
Bacteria pathogens
_____ ______: Patients die from shock or inflammation
Bacteria pathogens
Bacterial meningitis is caused by which species of streptococcus?
Streptococcus pneumonia
S. pneumonia is gram….
positive
S. pneumonia is a ____coccus
diplococcus
Is S. pneumonia encapsulated?
Yes
_____ ______ is the leading cause of meningitis
S. pneumonia
What percent of the population are healthy carriers for S. pneumonia?
70%
IS there an effective vaccine?
Yes, conjugate vx available for infants under the age of 2
Which species of neisseria causes meningitis?
Neisseria meningitidis
Is Neisseria meningitidis gram + or -
Negative
What percent of the population are reservoirs for N.M
40%
Transmission of N.M?
Droplet or direct contact
Why are there sporadic outbreaks of N.M meningitis in college students?
Lack of contamination, sexual contact, etc
What is the vaccine for NM called?
MenB (bacterial surface protein)
NM occurs mainly in…..
children less than 2 (causes residual damage)
Which species of Listeria causes meningitis?
Monocytogenes
What species of Haemophilus causes meningitis?
influenza type B (HIB)
