Microbial diseases: nervous system

Question 1

What are the three membranes of the spinal cord and brain called?

Answer 1

Meninges

Question 2

What is the outside layer called?

Answer 2

Dura mater

Question 3

What is the middle membrane called?

Answer 3

Arachnoid mater

Question 4

What two spaces are found between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?

Answer 4

Subarachnoid space and Cerebral fluid (CSF)

Question 5

Inner membrane?

Answer 5

Pia mater

Question 6

how many ml of CSF are in between the arachnoid mater and pia?

Answer 6

100-150… I think

Question 7

What is the blood brain barrier?

Answer 7

Certain capillaries permit some substances to pass from the blood into the brain (Restricts others)

Question 8

What alters the permeability of the blood brain barrier?

Answer 8

Inflammation

Question 9

What is meningitis?

Answer 9

inflammation of the meninges

Question 10

What is encephalitis?

Answer 10

Inflammation of the brain

Question 11

What passes the BBB?

Answer 11

Lipid soluble drugs and small molecules

Question 12

DO you have a fever with both meningitis and encephalitis?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Do you have a headache, nausea, vomiting, and lethargy with both meningitis and encephalitis?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Do you have photophobia and neck stiffness with both meningitis and encephalitis?

Answer 14

Just meningitis

Question 15

Why is pathogenic bacteria so serious?

Answer 15

Bacterial infections can have fatal consequences in the brain and spinal cord (lack of complement)

Question 16

What can meningitis be caused by?

Answer 16

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa

Question 17

Is viral meningitis more common?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Is viral meningitis more mild or severe?

Answer 18

Mild

Question 19

When does viral meningitis mostly occur?

Answer 19

Summer and fall months

Question 20

Where are enteroviruses found in the body that causes viral meningitis?

Answer 20

Throat and intestinal tract

Question 21

_____ _______: capsule: protects from phagocytosis( replicates rapidly)

Answer 21

Bacteria pathogens

Question 22

_____ ______: Release cell wall fragments

Answer 22

Bacteria pathogens

Question 23

_____ ______: Patients die from shock or inflammation

Answer 23

Bacteria pathogens

Question 24

_____ ______: Patients die from shock or inflammation

Answer 24

Bacteria pathogens

Question 25

Bacterial meningitis is caused by which species of streptococcus?

Answer 25

Streptococcus pneumonia

Question 26

S. pneumonia is gram….

Answer 26

positive

Question 27

S. pneumonia is a ____coccus

Answer 27

diplococcus

Question 28

Is S. pneumonia encapsulated?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

_____ ______ is the leading cause of meningitis

Answer 29

S. pneumonia

Question 30

What percent of the population are healthy carriers for S. pneumonia?

Answer 30

70%

Question 31

IS there an effective vaccine?

Answer 31

Yes, conjugate vx available for infants under the age of 2

Question 32

Which species of neisseria causes meningitis?

Answer 32

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 33

Is Neisseria meningitidis gram + or -

Answer 33

Negative

Question 34

What percent of the population are reservoirs for N.M

Answer 34

40%

Question 35

Transmission of N.M?

Answer 35

Droplet or direct contact

Question 36

Why are there sporadic outbreaks of N.M meningitis in college students?

Answer 36

Lack of contamination, sexual contact, etc

Question 37

What is the vaccine for NM called?

Answer 37

MenB (bacterial surface protein)

Question 38

NM occurs mainly in…..

Answer 38

children less than 2 (causes residual damage)

Question 39

Which species of Listeria causes meningitis?

Answer 39

Monocytogenes

Question 40

What species of Haemophilus causes meningitis?

Answer 40

influenza type B (HIB)