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Microbiology > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

The ability to cause disease is known as ______

A

Pathogenicity

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2
Q

The degree of pathogenicity is known as ________

A

virulence

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3
Q

______ adhere to host tissues

A

microbes

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4
Q

_______ damage host tissues

A

microbes

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5
Q

_____ are toxins or microbial waste products

A

microbes

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6
Q

What are the four portals of entry?

A
  1. Mucous membranes
  2. Skin
  3. Parenteral route
  4. Preferred portal of entry
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7
Q

How many portals of entry are portals via mucous membranes?

A

Four

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8
Q

What are the four sub-portals via mucous membrane?

A
  1. Respiratory tract
  2. Gastrointestinal tract
  3. genitourinary tract
  4. Conjuctiva
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9
Q

Conjuctiva is a mucous membrane portal of entry. What falls under conjuctiva? What are three infections of conjuctiva?

A

Eyelids and covers the whites of eyelids.

  1. conjunctivitis
  2. Trachoma
  3. Opthalmia neonatorum
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10
Q

The genitourinary tract is a mucous membrane portal of entry. What does that entail?

A

It’s sexually contracted. Causes HIV, genital warts, chlamydia, and syphillis

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11
Q

The gastrointestinal tract is a mucous membrane portal of entry. What does that entail?

A

Food, water, contaminated fingers. Causes giardia, shigellosis, and cholera

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12
Q

The respiratory tract is a mucous membrane portal of entry. What does that entail?

A

The nose and mouth. Causes the common cold, influenza, and pneumonia

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13
Q

The skin is a portal of entry. Microbes gain access through….

A

hair follicles and sweat gland ducts.

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14
Q

What is interesting about skin?

A

Largest organ in the body

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15
Q

What is parenteral?

A

administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and alimentary canal.

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16
Q

Parenteral is a port of entry. How do microbes enter the tissue?

A

Microbes are deposited directly into tissues when barriers are penetrated

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17
Q

Parenteral ports of entry include….

A

Punctures, injections, bites, cuts, surgery, and dry skin

18
Q

What diseases can someone contract via parenteral ports?

A

HIV, hepatitis viruses, tetanus and gangrene

19
Q

What is the preferred route?

A

Microbes causing infections through their specific portal of entry

20
Q

What is the preferred route for Salmonella typhi?

A

Signs and symptoms identified when swallowed. Gastrointestinal tract. No reaction on skin

21
Q

What is the preferred route of Streptococcus pneumonia?

A

Inhaled…respiratory tract. No signs noticed if swallowed.

22
Q

What is the preferred route for Bacillus anthracis?

A

More than one entry.

23
Q

IDv50

A

Infectious dose for 50% of a sample population. Measures virulence of a microbe

24
Q

LDv50

A

lethal dose for 50% of a sample population. Measures potency of a toxin.

25
Q

How many endospores enter tissue via skin? (Bacillus anthracis)

A

10-50

26
Q

How many endospores enter body through inhalation? (Bacillus anthracis)

A

10,000-20,000

27
Q

How many endospores enter the body through ingestion? (Bacillus anthracis)

A

250,000-1,000,000

28
Q

What is the name used when measuring the virulence of a microbe?

A

IDv50

29
Q

What is the name used when measuring the potency of a toxin?

A

LD50

30
Q

LD50 is _____ and ID50 is ____

A

lethal; infectious

31
Q

What is the lethal dose of Botulinum?

A

0.03 ng/kg

32
Q

What is the lethal dose of Shiga toxin?

A

250 ng/kg

33
Q

What is the lethal dose for Staphylococcal enterotoxin?

A

1350 ng/kg

34
Q

adherence vs adhesins

A

Adherence is pathogens attaching to the host tissues whereas adhesins is after they’ve attached and the pathogens bind to receptors on the host cells (ligands)

35
Q

______: pathogens attach to host tissues

A

adherence

36
Q

_____ on the pathogen bind to receptors on the host cells

A

adhesins (ligands)

37
Q

______ and ______ are two types of adhesins

A

Glycocalyx and Fimbriae

38
Q

Microbes form _____ (share nutrients)

A

Biofilms

39
Q

What are glycocalyx and fimbriae?

A

adhesins that pathogens use to bind to the host cells

40
Q

What are the three ways bacteria penetrate host defenses?

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Enzymes
  3. Cell wall components

Microbiology (14 decks)

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