Chapter 14 Flashcards
_____ means cause of disease
etiology
_______ is the manner in which disease develops
Pathogenesis
Structural and functional changes of infection and disease?
Effects on the body
What are the three parts of pathology, which is the scientific study of disease?
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Structural and functional changes
What are the three main principles of infection and disease?
Pathology, Infection, and Disease
_____: invasion or colonization of the body by pathogen microbes
Infection
______: infection results in any change from a state of health
Disease
Difference between disease and infection?
Infection is a colonization of microbes in the body and a disease is when infection results in any change from a state of health
Examples of disease?
HIV
______: microbial communities that live on or in the human body
Micriobiomes
When do normal microbiome populations begin to establish themselves?
Before birth…in utero
How long does the human microbiome last?
For life
How do you acquire more microbes
From food, people, and pets
What is the human microbiome project?
Analyzes relationships between microbiol communities on the body and human health
_____ _____ permanently colonize the host and do not cause disease under normal circumstances
Normal microbiota
______ microbiota may be present for days, weeks, or months
Transient
What are the four main factors that affect distribution and composition of normal microbiota?
- Nutrients
- Physical and chemical factors
- Host defenses
- Mechanical factors
Name the factor that affects the distribution and composition of normal microbiota “Dead cells, body fluids, excretory products”
Nutrients
Name the factor that affects the distribution and composition of normal microbiota “temperature, pH, O2, and CO2”
Physical and chemical factors
Name the factor that affects the distribution and composition of normal microbiota “Immune system. Hygiene hypothesis”
Host defenses
Name the factor that affects the distribution and composition of normal microbiota “Chewing, gastrointestinal tract, urine, resp. system”
Mechanical factors
What is microbial antagonism? What is the other name for it?
Competition between microbes. Also known as competitive exclusion
How does normal microbiota protect the host?
- Competing for nutrients
- Producing substances harmful to invading microbes
- Affecting pH and available oxygen
“competing for nutrients” is an example of what?
An example of how normal microbiota protect the host
“Producing substances harmful to invading microbes” is an example of what?
An example of how normal microbiota protect the host
“Affecting pH and available oxygen”
An example of how normal microbiota protect the host
Examples given for microbial antagonism
Candida albicans. E. Coli producing bacteriocins, and clostridium difficile
What are the three sub sections of Symbiosis?
- Commensalism
- Mutalism
- Parasitism
______ is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host
Symbiosis
What is commensalism
One organism benefits, and the other is unaffected
What is mutalism?
Both organism benefit
What is parasitism?
One organism benefits at the expense of the other
What are opportunistic pathogens?
They do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person, but may do so in a different environment
What is the main example of opportunistic pathogens?
E. coli
Echo viruses and adenoviruses, like streptococcus pneumonia, are examples of what?
Opportunistic pathogens
“Do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person but may do so in a different environment” This is describing…
Opportunistic pathogens
E. coli does not cause disease in the ____ _____ but causes UTI’s, pulmonary infections, meningitis, and can cause abscesses
Large intestine
Which opportunistic pathogen causes pulmonary infections
E. Coli
Which opportunistic pathogen causes meningitis in the spinal cord?
E. Coli
If the host is already weakened or compromised by an infection, and Pneumocytosis occurs….which opportunistic pathogen is more than likely responsible?
AIDS
Which diseases from the power point are listed as well known?
Polio, lyme disease, and tuberculosis
Which diseases from the power point are listed as not completely understood?
Viruses, and cancer
Which diseases from the power point are listed as unknown?
Just Alzheimers
Not all diseases are caused by ______
microbes
What did Robert Koch do?
He demonstrated that certain bacteria were ALWAYS present in the blood of animals that had the disease, but not present in healthy individuals.
Robert Koch is noted for which theory?
Germ theory of disease
How many postulates did Koch list?
four
Per Koch’s postulates, The same pathogen must be present in what?
The same pathogen must be present in EVERY case of the disease
Per Koch’s postulates, The pathogen must be isolated from…
The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
Per Koch’s postulates, the pathogen from the pure culture must….
The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it’s inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal
