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Microbiology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_____ means cause of disease

A

etiology

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2
Q

_______ is the manner in which disease develops

A

Pathogenesis

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3
Q

Structural and functional changes of infection and disease?

A

Effects on the body

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4
Q

What are the three parts of pathology, which is the scientific study of disease?

A
  1. Etiology
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Structural and functional changes
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5
Q

What are the three main principles of infection and disease?

A

Pathology, Infection, and Disease

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6
Q

_____: invasion or colonization of the body by pathogen microbes

A

Infection

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7
Q

______: infection results in any change from a state of health

A

Disease

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8
Q

Difference between disease and infection?

A

Infection is a colonization of microbes in the body and a disease is when infection results in any change from a state of health

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9
Q

Examples of disease?

A

HIV

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10
Q

______: microbial communities that live on or in the human body

A

Micriobiomes

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11
Q

When do normal microbiome populations begin to establish themselves?

A

Before birth…in utero

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12
Q

How long does the human microbiome last?

A

For life

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13
Q

How do you acquire more microbes

A

From food, people, and pets

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14
Q

What is the human microbiome project?

A

Analyzes relationships between microbiol communities on the body and human health

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15
Q

_____ _____ permanently colonize the host and do not cause disease under normal circumstances

A

Normal microbiota

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16
Q

______ microbiota may be present for days, weeks, or months

A

Transient

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17
Q

What are the four main factors that affect distribution and composition of normal microbiota?

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. Physical and chemical factors
  3. Host defenses
  4. Mechanical factors
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18
Q

Name the factor that affects the distribution and composition of normal microbiota “Dead cells, body fluids, excretory products”

A

Nutrients

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19
Q

Name the factor that affects the distribution and composition of normal microbiota “temperature, pH, O2, and CO2”

A

Physical and chemical factors

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20
Q

Name the factor that affects the distribution and composition of normal microbiota “Immune system. Hygiene hypothesis”

A

Host defenses

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21
Q

Name the factor that affects the distribution and composition of normal microbiota “Chewing, gastrointestinal tract, urine, resp. system”

A

Mechanical factors

22
Q

What is microbial antagonism? What is the other name for it?

A

Competition between microbes. Also known as competitive exclusion

23
Q

How does normal microbiota protect the host?

A
  1. Competing for nutrients
  2. Producing substances harmful to invading microbes
  3. Affecting pH and available oxygen
24
Q

“competing for nutrients” is an example of what?

A

An example of how normal microbiota protect the host

25
Q

“Producing substances harmful to invading microbes” is an example of what?

A

An example of how normal microbiota protect the host

26
Q

“Affecting pH and available oxygen”

A

An example of how normal microbiota protect the host

27
Q

Examples given for microbial antagonism

A

Candida albicans. E. Coli producing bacteriocins, and clostridium difficile

28
Q

What are the three sub sections of Symbiosis?

A
  1. Commensalism
  2. Mutalism
  3. Parasitism
29
Q

______ is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host

A

Symbiosis

30
Q

What is commensalism

A

One organism benefits, and the other is unaffected

31
Q

What is mutalism?

A

Both organism benefit

32
Q

What is parasitism?

A

One organism benefits at the expense of the other

33
Q

What are opportunistic pathogens?

A

They do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person, but may do so in a different environment

34
Q

What is the main example of opportunistic pathogens?

A

E. coli

35
Q

Echo viruses and adenoviruses, like streptococcus pneumonia, are examples of what?

A

Opportunistic pathogens

36
Q

“Do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person but may do so in a different environment” This is describing…

A

Opportunistic pathogens

37
Q

E. coli does not cause disease in the ____ _____ but causes UTI’s, pulmonary infections, meningitis, and can cause abscesses

A

Large intestine

38
Q

Which opportunistic pathogen causes pulmonary infections

A

E. Coli

39
Q

Which opportunistic pathogen causes meningitis in the spinal cord?

A

E. Coli

40
Q

If the host is already weakened or compromised by an infection, and Pneumocytosis occurs….which opportunistic pathogen is more than likely responsible?

A

AIDS

41
Q

Which diseases from the power point are listed as well known?

A

Polio, lyme disease, and tuberculosis

42
Q

Which diseases from the power point are listed as not completely understood?

A

Viruses, and cancer

43
Q

Which diseases from the power point are listed as unknown?

A

Just Alzheimers

44
Q

Not all diseases are caused by ______

A

microbes

45
Q

What did Robert Koch do?

A

He demonstrated that certain bacteria were ALWAYS present in the blood of animals that had the disease, but not present in healthy individuals.

46
Q

Robert Koch is noted for which theory?

A

Germ theory of disease

47
Q

How many postulates did Koch list?

A

four

48
Q

Per Koch’s postulates, The same pathogen must be present in what?

A

The same pathogen must be present in EVERY case of the disease

49
Q

Per Koch’s postulates, The pathogen must be isolated from…

A

The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture

50
Q

Per Koch’s postulates, the pathogen from the pure culture must….

A

The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it’s inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal

Microbiology (14 decks)

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