Chapter 19: Disorders/immunity

Question 1

Three types of immune disorders

Answer 1

Hypersensitivity, Autoimmune, and immunodeficiency

Question 2

______ are synonymous with allergies

Answer 2

hypersensitivities

Question 3

______ depend on the adaptive immune activity

Answer 3

hypersensitivities

Question 4

Which type of immune disorder requires prior exposure?

Answer 4

hypersensitivities

Question 5

Is the immune system functioning normally and targeting normally with hypersensitivities?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Type I reactions: hypersensitivities. Ig__ causes mast cells or basophils to release histamine. Binds to mast cell before antigen is present

Answer 6

IgE

Question 7

IgE binds to mast cell before antigen is present with Type I reactions: hypersensitivities. Is this a sensitive model?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Type I: anaphylactic hypersensitivities. Evidence of reaction occurs…

Answer 8

less than 30 minutes

Question 9

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity) Localized and systemic anaphylaxis

Answer 9

Type I: Anaphylactic

Question 10

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity)

Systemic anaphylaxis. Dilation of blood vessels and decrease in blood pressure. Fatal within minutes.

Answer 10

Type I: anaphylactic

Question 11

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity)

Rhinitis, asthma, ingested antigens

Answer 11

Type I: anaphylactic

Question 12

Name 8 foods associated with 97% of food allergies

Answer 12

Peas, Peanuts, Soy, Wheat, Milk, Eggs, Fish, Tree nuts.

Question 13

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity) Most commonly from an injected antigen. Insect sting

Answer 13

Type I: anaphylactic

Question 14

What is used to counter anaphylactic shock

Answer 14

Epinephrine

Question 15

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Antibodies bind to target cells and activate complement

Answer 15

Type II: Cytotoxic

Question 16

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Associated with IgG and IgM. Can cause cell lysis

Answer 16

Type II: Cytotoxic

Question 17

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity) Evidence of reaction occurs 5-8 hours

Answer 17

Type II: Cytotoxic

Question 18

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Examples include Transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of new born (Rh factor), and drug induced reactions.

Answer 18

Type II: cytotoxic

Question 19

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Requires a large amount of systemic antigen. Usually involves IgG

Answer 19

Type III: Immune complexes

Question 20

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Cause damage by depositing in small blood vessels. Blocking blood flow and inducing inflammation

Answer 20

Type III: immune complexes

Question 21

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Example: serum sickness (animal serum in humans)

Answer 21

Type III: immune complexes

Question 22

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Only type based on T cell activity.

Answer 22

Type IV: delayed reaction

Question 23

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Activation of macrophages causes inflammation. Activation of T killers leads to cell death.

Answer 23

Type IV: delayed reaction

Question 24

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Evidence of reaction occurs 1-2 days

Answer 24

Type IV

Question 25

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Examples include tissue transplant rejection, contact dermatitis

Answer 25

Type IV

Question 26

During ______, the tolerance to self tissues is lost

Answer 26

autoimmunity

Question 27

The immune system is functioning, but targeting is abnormal. This is _____

Answer 27

autoimmunity

Question 28

______ can be due to failure of negative selection. (removing self reactive lymphocytes)

Answer 28

Autoimmunity

Question 29

_____ could be due to molecular mimicry. (shared epitope with microorganism)

Answer 29

Autoimmunity

Question 30

_______ can be due to some body tissues being immune privileged tissues (Shielded)

Answer 30

autoimmunity

Question 31

Which TH cells are independent of Th1 and Th2?

Answer 31

TH17 (CD4+)

Question 32

Which T cells release IL-17 and IL-22?

Answer 32

TH17

Question 33

What does TH17 do?

Answer 33

Stimulate macrophages and neutrophils to destroy extracellular bacteria and fungi

Question 34

Whats' been shown to be potent inducers of autoimmune disease?

Answer 34

TH17

Question 35

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Antibodies bind to self antigens and cause cell death.

Answer 35

Type I

Question 36

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Examples: autoimmune hemolytic anemia and mayasternia gravis

Answer 36

Type I

Question 37

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Antibodies bind to self antigens but do NOT kill. Cell function altered.

Answer 37

Type II

Question 38

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Example: grave's disease

Answer 38

Type II

Question 39

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Immune complex autoimmune system. Formation of large number of immune complexes leads to tissue damage. Self antigens are present in large numbers.

Answer 39

Type III

Question 40

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Examples: systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 40

Type III

Question 41

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Cell-mediated autoimmune reaction. Self-reactive CD8 T cells kill cells of the body.

Answer 41

Type IV

Question 42

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Examples: Diabetes mellitus, psoriasis

Answer 42

Type IV

Question 43

H and A are more common in women at ___%

Answer 43

75

Question 44

H and A are more common in underdeveloped countries. T or F

Answer 44

False. developed

Question 45

H and A are more common in underdeveloped countries. T or F

Answer 45

False. developed

Question 46

H and A are more common in ____ than in rural populations

Answer 46

urban

Question 47

Are H and A possibly genetically predisposed?

Answer 47

Yes

Question 48

H and A are linked to excessive ____ activity

Answer 48

Th2

Question 49

Immunodeficiency disorders are either _____ or _____

Answer 49

congenital or acquired