Chapter 19: Disorders/immunity Flashcards
Three types of immune disorders
Hypersensitivity, Autoimmune, and immunodeficiency
______ are synonymous with allergies
hypersensitivities
______ depend on the adaptive immune activity
hypersensitivities
Which type of immune disorder requires prior exposure?
hypersensitivities
Is the immune system functioning normally and targeting normally with hypersensitivities?
Yes
Type I reactions: hypersensitivities. Ig__ causes mast cells or basophils to release histamine. Binds to mast cell before antigen is present
IgE
IgE binds to mast cell before antigen is present with Type I reactions: hypersensitivities. Is this a sensitive model?
Yes
Type I: anaphylactic hypersensitivities. Evidence of reaction occurs…
less than 30 minutes
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity) Localized and systemic anaphylaxis
Type I: Anaphylactic
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity)
Systemic anaphylaxis. Dilation of blood vessels and decrease in blood pressure. Fatal within minutes.
Type I: anaphylactic
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity)
Rhinitis, asthma, ingested antigens
Type I: anaphylactic
Name 8 foods associated with 97% of food allergies
Peas, Peanuts, Soy, Wheat, Milk, Eggs, Fish, Tree nuts.
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity) Most commonly from an injected antigen. Insect sting
Type I: anaphylactic
What is used to counter anaphylactic shock
Epinephrine
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Antibodies bind to target cells and activate complement
Type II: Cytotoxic
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Associated with IgG and IgM. Can cause cell lysis
Type II: Cytotoxic
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity) Evidence of reaction occurs 5-8 hours
Type II: Cytotoxic
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Examples include Transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of new born (Rh factor), and drug induced reactions.
Type II: cytotoxic
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Requires a large amount of systemic antigen. Usually involves IgG
Type III: Immune complexes
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Cause damage by depositing in small blood vessels. Blocking blood flow and inducing inflammation
Type III: immune complexes
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Example: serum sickness (animal serum in humans)
Type III: immune complexes
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Only type based on T cell activity.
Type IV: delayed reaction
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Activation of macrophages causes inflammation. Activation of T killers leads to cell death.
Type IV: delayed reaction
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Evidence of reaction occurs 1-2 days
Type IV
Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Examples include tissue transplant rejection, contact dermatitis
Type IV
During ______, the tolerance to self tissues is lost
autoimmunity
The immune system is functioning, but targeting is abnormal. This is _____
autoimmunity
______ can be due to failure of negative selection. (removing self reactive lymphocytes)
Autoimmunity
_____ could be due to molecular mimicry. (shared epitope with microorganism)
Autoimmunity
_______ can be due to some body tissues being immune privileged tissues (Shielded)
autoimmunity
Which TH cells are independent of Th1 and Th2?
TH17 (CD4+)
Which T cells release IL-17 and IL-22?
TH17
What does TH17 do?
Stimulate macrophages and neutrophils to destroy extracellular bacteria and fungi
Whats’ been shown to be potent inducers of autoimmune disease?
TH17
Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Antibodies bind to self antigens and cause cell death.
Type I
Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Examples: autoimmune hemolytic anemia and mayasternia gravis
Type I
Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Antibodies bind to self antigens but do NOT kill. Cell function altered.
Type II
Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Example: grave’s disease
Type II
Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Immune complex autoimmune system. Formation of large number of immune complexes leads to tissue damage. Self antigens are present in large numbers.
Type III
Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Examples: systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis
Type III
Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Cell-mediated autoimmune reaction. Self-reactive CD8 T cells kill cells of the body.
Type IV
Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Examples: Diabetes mellitus, psoriasis
Type IV
H and A are more common in women at ___%
75
H and A are more common in underdeveloped countries. T or F
False. developed
H and A are more common in underdeveloped countries. T or F
False. developed
H and A are more common in ____ than in rural populations
urban
Are H and A possibly genetically predisposed?
Yes
H and A are linked to excessive ____ activity
Th2
Immunodeficiency disorders are either _____ or _____
congenital or acquired
