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Microbiology > Chapter 19: Disorders/immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Disorders/immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of immune disorders

A

Hypersensitivity, Autoimmune, and immunodeficiency

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2
Q

______ are synonymous with allergies

A

hypersensitivities

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3
Q

______ depend on the adaptive immune activity

A

hypersensitivities

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4
Q

Which type of immune disorder requires prior exposure?

A

hypersensitivities

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5
Q

Is the immune system functioning normally and targeting normally with hypersensitivities?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Type I reactions: hypersensitivities. Ig__ causes mast cells or basophils to release histamine. Binds to mast cell before antigen is present

A

IgE

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7
Q

IgE binds to mast cell before antigen is present with Type I reactions: hypersensitivities. Is this a sensitive model?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Type I: anaphylactic hypersensitivities. Evidence of reaction occurs…

A

less than 30 minutes

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9
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity) Localized and systemic anaphylaxis

A

Type I: Anaphylactic

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10
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity)

Systemic anaphylaxis. Dilation of blood vessels and decrease in blood pressure. Fatal within minutes.

A

Type I: anaphylactic

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11
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity)

Rhinitis, asthma, ingested antigens

A

Type I: anaphylactic

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12
Q

Name 8 foods associated with 97% of food allergies

A

Peas, Peanuts, Soy, Wheat, Milk, Eggs, Fish, Tree nuts.

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13
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity) Most commonly from an injected antigen. Insect sting

A

Type I: anaphylactic

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14
Q

What is used to counter anaphylactic shock

A

Epinephrine

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15
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Antibodies bind to target cells and activate complement

A

Type II: Cytotoxic

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16
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Associated with IgG and IgM. Can cause cell lysis

A

Type II: Cytotoxic

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17
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity) Evidence of reaction occurs 5-8 hours

A

Type II: Cytotoxic

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18
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Examples include Transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of new born (Rh factor), and drug induced reactions.

A

Type II: cytotoxic

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19
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Requires a large amount of systemic antigen. Usually involves IgG

A

Type III: Immune complexes

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20
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Cause damage by depositing in small blood vessels. Blocking blood flow and inducing inflammation

A

Type III: immune complexes

21
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Example: serum sickness (animal serum in humans)

A

Type III: immune complexes

22
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Only type based on T cell activity.

A

Type IV: delayed reaction

23
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Activation of macrophages causes inflammation. Activation of T killers leads to cell death.

A

Type IV: delayed reaction

24
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Evidence of reaction occurs 1-2 days

A

Type IV

25
Q

Name this reaction (hypersensitivity). Examples include tissue transplant rejection, contact dermatitis

A

Type IV

26
Q

During ______, the tolerance to self tissues is lost

A

autoimmunity

27
Q

The immune system is functioning, but targeting is abnormal. This is _____

A

autoimmunity

28
Q

______ can be due to failure of negative selection. (removing self reactive lymphocytes)

A

Autoimmunity

29
Q

_____ could be due to molecular mimicry. (shared epitope with microorganism)

A

Autoimmunity

30
Q

_______ can be due to some body tissues being immune privileged tissues (Shielded)

A

autoimmunity

31
Q

Which TH cells are independent of Th1 and Th2?

A

TH17 (CD4+)

32
Q

Which T cells release IL-17 and IL-22?

A

TH17

33
Q

What does TH17 do?

A

Stimulate macrophages and neutrophils to destroy extracellular bacteria and fungi

34
Q

Whats’ been shown to be potent inducers of autoimmune disease?

A

TH17

35
Q

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Antibodies bind to self antigens and cause cell death.

A

Type I

36
Q

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Examples: autoimmune hemolytic anemia and mayasternia gravis

A

Type I

37
Q

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Antibodies bind to self antigens but do NOT kill. Cell function altered.

A

Type II

38
Q

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Example: grave’s disease

A

Type II

39
Q

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Immune complex autoimmune system. Formation of large number of immune complexes leads to tissue damage. Self antigens are present in large numbers.

A

Type III

40
Q

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Examples: systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis

A

Type III

41
Q

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Cell-mediated autoimmune reaction. Self-reactive CD8 T cells kill cells of the body.

A

Type IV

42
Q

Name this reaction (Autoimmunity). Examples: Diabetes mellitus, psoriasis

A

Type IV

43
Q

H and A are more common in women at ___%

A

75

44
Q

H and A are more common in underdeveloped countries. T or F

A

False. developed

45
Q

H and A are more common in underdeveloped countries. T or F

A

False. developed

46
Q

H and A are more common in ____ than in rural populations

A

urban

47
Q

Are H and A possibly genetically predisposed?

A

Yes

48
Q

H and A are linked to excessive ____ activity

A

Th2

49
Q

Immunodeficiency disorders are either _____ or _____

A

congenital or acquired

Microbiology (14 decks)

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