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Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

________ include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, and viruses

A

Microorganisms

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2
Q

“A living organism too small to be seen with the naked eye”

A

microorganism

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3
Q

The _______ is a group of microbes that live stably on/in the human body

A

Microbiome

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4
Q

The ______ helps to maintain good health

A

microbiome

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5
Q

Can the microbiome prevent the growth of pathogenic microbes?

A

Yes

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6
Q

The ______ may help train the immune system to classify threats

A

microbiome

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7
Q

An adult is composed of 30 trillion ___ cells and harbors another 40 trillion ______ cells

A

body cells; bacterial cells

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8
Q

List two reasons why it is important to know about the microbiome

A
  1. Prevents diseases

2. helps to understand causes and transmission of disease to prevent epidemics

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9
Q

There are three domains based on cellular organization. What are they?

A

Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

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10
Q

What are four subclassifications under eukarya?

A

Protists (protozoa and algae), fungi, plants, and animals (multicellular parasites)

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11
Q

Each organism has two names, the ___ and the ____ _____ (species)

A

genus; specific epithet

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12
Q

When handwriting an organism, what are the requirements?

A

Genus is capitalized, species is not. Both are underlined.

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13
Q

Which is multicellular, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

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14
Q

Which has DNA, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Both

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15
Q

Which has membrane bound organelles, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

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16
Q

Which is unicellular, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Both….although eukaryotes can be multicellular

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17
Q

Which has ribosomes, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Both

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18
Q

Which has a single nucleus, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

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19
Q

Which has a nucleoid, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes

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20
Q

Which has cell walls, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

both

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21
Q

Which is larger, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

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22
Q

Is bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

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23
Q

Prokaryotic means what?

A

“pre-nucleus”

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24
Q

Bacteria is unicellular or multi?

A

unicellular

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25
Q

How does bacteria divide?

A

via binary fission

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26
Q

_______ derive nutrition from organic or inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis

A

Bacteria

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27
Q

Bacteria can “swim” by….

A

By using moving appendages sometimes called flagella

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28
Q

Bacteria has _______ cell walls

A

Peptidoglycan

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29
Q

Archaea are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

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30
Q

______ lack peptidoglycan walls, and may lack cell walls entirely

A

Archaea

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31
Q

_____ live in extreme environments

A

archaea

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32
Q

Archaea include methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles. What are halo and thermophiles?

A

Salt and heat lovers

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33
Q

Are Archaea known to cause disease in humans?

A

No

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34
Q

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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35
Q

Fungi has ____ cell walls

A

chitin

36
Q

____ absorb organic chemicals for energy

A

fungi

37
Q

Fungi, which are eukaryotes, are multicellular but can be unicellular. Which common fungus is unicellular?

A

Yeast

38
Q

_______ and mushrooms are fungi that are multicellular

A

mold

39
Q

_____ consist of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae

A

Molds

40
Q

Protozoa are eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

41
Q

______ absorb or ingest organic chemicals

A

Protozoa

42
Q

Protozoa can be mobile via what?

A

pseudopods, cilia, or flagella

43
Q

Are protozoa free living and parasitic?

A

Yes

44
Q

How do protozoa reproduce?

A

Both sexually and asexually

45
Q

______: derives nutrients from a living host

A

parasitic

46
Q

Algae are from the kingdom _____

A

protista

47
Q

Is algae Euk or Pro?

A

Eukaryotic

48
Q

Algae has ______ cell walls

A

cellulose

49
Q

Where is algae found?

A

In freshwater, saltwater, and soil

50
Q

_____ uses photosynthesis for energy.

A

Algae

51
Q

Does algae produce oxygen and carbohydrates

A

Yes

52
Q

For algae, is asexual the only way to reproduce?

A

No, both sexual and asexual reproduction is possible

53
Q

Viruses are cellular or acellular

A

acellular

54
Q

Viruses consist of a ____ or ____ core

A

DNA or RNA

55
Q

A viruses’ core is surrounded by what?

A

A protein coat

56
Q

Viruses can only be replicated when…..

A

when they are inside a living host

57
Q

Who invented the microscope?

A

Robert Hooke

58
Q

What are animalcules?

A

Microbes

59
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

The hypothesis that life arises from nonliving matter; a “vital force” is necessary for life

60
Q

What is biogenesis?

A

The hypothesis that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells

61
Q

Who discovered fermentation and pasteurization?

A

Louis Pasteur

62
Q

_____ are responsible for fermentation

A

microbes

63
Q

_____ is the microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air

A

fermentation

64
Q

______ growth is also responsible for spoilage of food and beverages if what?

A

Microbial; if O2 is present, bacteria produce acid

65
Q

What is pasteurization?

A

The application of high heat for a short period of time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages

66
Q

Who brought about the Germ Theory of Disease, which is that many diseases are caused by microorganisms?

A

Joseph Lister

67
Q

Joseph Lister’s work indicated what?

A

That organisms could be avoided to prevent disease

68
Q

Who formed the basis of aseptic techniques: procedures that prevent contamination by unwanted organisms

A

Joseph Lister

69
Q

What is chemotherapy?

A

Treatment of disease with chemicals

70
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes.

71
Q

Mycology is the study of ______

A

fungi

72
Q

What is parasitology?

A

Study of parasitic worms and protozoa

73
Q

What is immunology

A

Study of immunity

74
Q

What is virology?

A

Study of viruses

75
Q

What is molecular genetics?

A

Studies the mechanisms by which microbes inherit traits

76
Q

Bacteria convert carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus into forms used by ____ and ____

A

plants and animals

77
Q

Algae uses ____ to produce food

A

CO2

78
Q

Sewage is __% water

A

99

79
Q

Bacteria degrades organic matter that is in _____

A

sewage

80
Q

Bacteria degrade or detoxify pollutants such as ____ and ____

A

oil and mercury

81
Q

Bacteria degrade or detoxify pollutants such as ____ and ____

A

oil and mercury

82
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

The use of microbes for practical applications such as producing foods and chemicals

83
Q

What is recombinant DNA technology?

A

Enables bacteria and fungi to produce a variety of proteins, vaccines, and enzymes. ex: gene therapy

84
Q

What are biofilms?

A

Complex aggregation of microbes attached to each other and/or some usually solid surface

85
Q

What are some of the emerging infectious diseases?

A

Zika virus disease, influenza, antibiotic resistant infections such as MRSA, VISA, and VRSA, and Ebola

Microbiology (14 decks)

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