Micro2 Flashcards
The ixodes tick is implicated in the transmission of which bacteria?
Anaplasma phagocytophila
Borrelia burgdorferi
Babesia microti
Patient presents with fever, chills, fatigue \+ outdoor hiking trip \+ small rings in RBCs on PBS
What is the diagnosis?
Babesia microti
What are the clinical manifestations of infectious mononucleosis?
- -fever
- -malaise
- -tender lymphadenopathy
- -splenomegaly
also:
- -headache
- -sorethroat
- -pharyngitis
- -tonsillitis
How is a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis made?
with the heterophile antibody test (monospot)
What is the cause of heterophile-positive mononucleosis?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
An 18 yo man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fever, chills, and sore throat. Physical examination show marked pharyngeal hyperemia, tonsillar exudates, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. Treatment with amoxicillin is begun. Two weeks later, he returns to the physician because of a generalized maculopapular rash. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Infectious mononucleosis
An 18 yo man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fever, chills, and sore throat. Physical examination show marked pharyngeal hyperemia, tonsillar exudates, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. Treatment with amoxicillin is begun. Two weeks later, he returns to the physician because of a generalized maculopapular rash. What is the cause of the rash?
Amoxicillin can lead to a maculopapular rash.
An 18 yo man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fever, chills, and sore throat. Physical examination show marked pharyngeal hyperemia, tonsillar exudates, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. Treatment with amoxicillin is begun. Two weeks later, he returns to the physician because of a generalized maculopapular rash. Why would a physician advise this patient to restrict physical activity for a year?
This patient’s splenomegaly puts him at increased risk for splenic rupture with physical contact.
Even the abdominal exam should be done with care.
An 18 yo man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fever, chills, and sore throat. Physical examination show marked pharyngeal hyperemia, tonsillar exudates, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. Treatment with amoxicillin is begun. Two weeks later, he returns to the physician because of a generalized maculopapular rash. Which of these symptoms is consistent with streptococcal pharyngitis?
- -fever
- -sore throat
- -tonsillar exudates
- -tender cervical lymphadenopathy
- -pharyngeal hyperemia (pharyngitis)
An 18 yo man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fever, chills, and sore throat. Physical examination show marked pharyngeal hyperemia, tonsillar exudates, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. Treatment with amoxicillin is begun. Two weeks later, he returns to the physician because of a generalized maculopapular rash. How can we tell that this is infectious mononucleosis, and not a streptococcal pharyngitis?
Splenomegaly is observed in infectious mononucleosis, but not in streptococcal pharyngitis.
What test is used to diagnose streptococcal pharyngitis?
A rapid antigen test.
What are important points (symptoms) that point to a bacterial cause for pharyngitis?
- -patient under 15 years of age
- -history of fever
- -tonsillar exudates
- -tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
- -absence of cough
What is auramine-rhodamine stain used for?
To visualize acid-fast bacilli (using fluorescence microscopy)
What do acid-fast organisms display with auramine-rhodamine stain?
Acid-fast organism display a reddish-yellow fluorescence
What makes mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to gram-stain agents?
The high lipid content of its cellular envelope, which contains long-chain fatty acids called mycolic acids