Drugs Flashcards
Aspirin (ASA) - mechanism
- -irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2)
- -platelets cannot synthesize new enzyme (no nucleus), so effect lasts until new platelets are produced
- -increased bleeding time, decreased TXA2 and prostaglandins, no effect on PT/PTT
Aspirin toxicity
- -gastric ulceration, tinnitus (CNVIII).
- -chronic use can lead to acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis, and upper GI bleeding
- -Reye syndrome in children with viral infection
- -Overdose can cause respiratory alkylosis initially, which is then superimposed by a metabolic acidosis
ADP receptor inhibitors
clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, ticagrelor
ADP receptor mechanism
inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors, which prevents exposure of GP2b/3a on platelet surface, thus preventing them from binding to fibrinogen
What medications are included in Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
all TCAs end in -iptyline or -ipramine except doxepin and amoxapine
What is the mechanism of action of TCAs?
they block re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin , thereby increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic space.
Side effects of TCAs
- -sedation
- -anticholinergic effects (tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth)
Toxicity of TCAs
Tri-Cs
Convulsions
Coma
Cardiotoxicity
What is the treatment for HSV-1?
acyclovir
What classes of drugs are effective in treating OCD?
TCAs and SSRIs
SSRIs like fluoxetine are the treatment of choice for OCD. However, the TCA clomipramine is generally used in the treatment of OCD unresponsive to an SSRI.
What is imipramine?
A TCA. It is used mainly in the treatment of major depression and enuresis.