Normal synovial fluid analysis: 1. WBC count 2. PMN 3. Viscosity 4. Glucose levels

1. <200 cells/μL, 2. <25% polymorphonuclear neutrophils, 3. high viscosity 4. similar to pt's serum glucose

micro Flashcards by Maria de la Paz Flores

molluscum contagiosum is caused by a:

poxvirus, an enveloped virus with double-stranded, linear DNA

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Smallpox viral family

poxvirus (largest DNA virus)

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Donovaniosis also known as

Granuloma Inguinale

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Granuloma Inguinale causal agent is

Klebsiella (Calymmatobacterium) granulomatis

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Lymphogranuloma venereum

C trachomatis (L1–L3)

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Yerisinia pestis is the organism responsible for:

The bubonic plague (ie, Black Death).

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Treatment for Y. pestis

Streptomycin and tetracycline

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How is Y. pestis transmitted?

is spread to humans by fleas from rodents, especially prairie dogs, in the western US

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Normal synovial fluid analysis:

WBC count
PMN
Viscosity
Glucose levels

<200 cells/μL,
<25% polymorphonuclear neutrophils,
high viscosity
similar to pt’s serum glucose

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Which organisms are associated with Reactive Arthritis?

Shigella, Yersinia, Chlamydia, Campylobacter, Salmonella(ShYChiCS)

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This gram-negative coccobacillus can lead to skin abscesses, (purulent and rapidly spread). Found in nl oral flora of cats and dogs

Pasteurella multocida

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PYR positivity and bacitracin sensitivity are specific to:

Streptococcus pyogenes

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S. aureus is coagulase-

positive.

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What does Coagulase do?

Enables the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

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Which toxin released by S. aureus disrupts cell adhesions in the epidermis, thereby causing an eruption of vesicles on the face ???

Exfoliative toxin A

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besides the Skin, which other organs are usually affected in Kaposi’s sarcoma?

Lungs and GI tract

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The diagnosis of Rheumatoid Fever is often made by using

the Jones criteria,

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catalase + bacteria can:

Can breakdown H2 O2 (hydrogen peroxide)

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Staph aureus normally colonizes:

The nares, axila and groin

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triad of congenital toxoplasmosis

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcification. (+/- blueberry muffin rash)

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Congenital rubella infection can result in

deafness
patent ductus arteriosus, 
pulmonary artery stenosis, 
cataracts,
microcephaly

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rubella classic triad (german measles)

abnormalities of eye(cataract)
ear(deafness)
(PDA); (pulm artery stenosis)
± “blueberry muffin” rash. “

“I(eye) ♥ruby (rubella) earrings.”

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classic triad of HUS is

anemia
thrombocytopenia
acute renal failure

name 3 spirochetes

borrelia
leptospira
treponema

how can you visualize treponema and leptospira?

under dark microscopy

how can you visualize Borrelia?

With Giemsa and Wright. Does not gram stain.

Strep pneumo is Optochin

Sensitive

Strep viridans is Optochin

Resistant

Bacitracin Resistant:

GBStrep

Bacitracin Sensitive

GA strep

Alpha hemolysis:

Strep pneumo | Strep viridans

beta hemolytic: (complete hemolysis)

GBS and GAS, | also Staph Aureus and Listeria

How can gram negative bacilli be divided?

Lactose fermenters or Non Lactose fermenters

Name the slow Lactose Fermenting gram negative bacilli

Citrobacter and Serratia

Name the Fast lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli:

E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter

Name the gram negative bacilli that do not ferment Lactose and is oxidase +

Pseudomonas

What do the 3 gram negative comma-shaped rods have in common?

They are oxidase +

Name the 3 gram negative comma -shaped rods

1. Vibrio cholera 2. Campilobacter jejuni 3. Helicobacter pylori

gram negative cocobacilli that needs factor V and X to grow

haemophilus influenza type B Factor V is nicotinamide -chocolate agar.

These are diagnostic for Candida albicans

germ tubes in the warm 37 degrees

How is Giardia diarrhea??

Fatty diarrhea (steatorrhea)

Instestinal amebiasis manifests as

bloody diarrhea

Cryptosporidium is peculiar bc is the only parasite that is

partially acid fast

Cryptosporidium causes watery diarrhea specially in which pts?

AIDS pts

How is cyptosporidium transmitted?

OOCYSTS IN WATER-FECES.

How do you treat immunocompetent pts with Cryptosporidium diarrhea?

nitazoxanide

how do you prevent cryptosporidium infection?

filtering water

cryptosporidium damages which part of the gut

small intestine

treatment for Giardia infection is

Metrondizole

how do you treat Entamoeba histolitica

metronidazole + luminal agent ioquinidol or paramycin

This protozoan is free living and is such that acquisition does not generally indicate fecal contamination?

Acanthamoeba

Common way to acquire Acanthamoeba is the us is

via home made saline solutions for soft contact lenses.

A mass of fungal filaments is called

Mycelium

Immigrant pt has a large, raised,colored, cauliflower-like ankle lesion. yeastlike sclerotic bodies are seenin the tissue biopsy. Which is the most likely diagnosis?

Chromoblastomycosis

Only the________ stain turns fungi a | pink-red color.

periodic acid-Schiff

is the major causative agent of meningitis in patients with AIDS.

Cryptococcus, an encapsulated yeast,