embryo Flashcards
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Neural tube defect which involve herniation of the meninges and spinal cord:
meningomyelocele
Bilious vomiting in an infant should be considered diagnostic of:
midgut malrotation with volvulus until proven otherwise.
The first branchial arch generates :
M “MUSCLES”
Mastication muscles: (teMporalis, Masseter, Medial and lateral pterygoids)
and the Mylohyoid, as well as the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani
The muscles that elevate the palate and the pharynx are derived from branchial archs:
branchial arch 1 (tensor veli palatini), branchial arch 3 (the stylopharyngeus), and branchial arch 4 (levator veli palatini).
Branchial arch 2 gives rise to:
“S” MUSCLES
Stapedius, Stylohyoid, and facial expression muscles.
The first branchial cleft gives rise to
the external auditory meatus, and the second, third, and fourth clefts are obliterated during development
the _____, _____, and _____ clefts are obliterated during development
the second, third, and fourth clefts
The clefts are formed from ___________
from ectoderm and could not give rise to muscles, which are derived from mesoderm.
fourth branchial pouch gives rise to the
superior parathyroids
Clefts, Arches, and Pouches give rise to
ectoderm, mesoderm(+ neural crest), and endoderm, respectively.
Pierre Robin sequence
micrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft palate, airway obstruction
Treacher Collins syndrome
neural crest dysfunction mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities
Examples of first arch syndromes include
Treacher Collins syndrome and Pierre Robin syndrome.
Atrial septal defects (ASDs) usually arise from defects in the____
septum secundum
ASDs associated with Down syndrome arise from defects in the ____
septum primum
How does ASDs present in PE?
allow left-to-right shunting of blood during diastole, increasing pulmonary pressures, and present with fixed, wide splitting of S2
Egg-on-a-string sign, also referred to as egg on its side, refers to the cardiomediastinal silhouette seen in :
transposition of the great arteries (TGA). (CXR)
A defect in the process vaginalis is the etiology of:
of an indirect hernia,
In gastroschisis, the abdominal content is not covered with peritoneum and is typically located on:
to the right of the umbilicus.
The diaphragm derives from four fetal structures:
the Septum transversum, the Pleuroperitoneal folds, the Body wall, and the Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus. This can be remembered by the mnemonic “Several Parts Build Diaphragm.”
Primary spermatocytes are #chromosomes ( _N, _C )
46 (2N, 4C) Diploid
2ry spermatocytes are #chromosomes ( _N, _C )
46 (1N, 2C) Haploid
Spermatide is #chromosomes ( _N, _C )
23 (1N, 1C) Haploid
dIGEORGE syndrome and Velocardial syndrome differ in
that Digeorge has parathyroid defects. Velocardial syndrome only palate, facial, and cardiac defects.
