Micro 2.2: Gram Negative Battons Flashcards

1
Q

Hate to do it to you but name all of enterobacteria and state what type this is

A

Bâtonnets Gram

  • Escherichia coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Yersinia
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2
Q

What is special about Gélose MacConkey

A

It is highly selective and gets rid of all gram positive bacteria as well as cocci gram negative
As such we get only batons gram negative

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3
Q

Which one of the enterobacteria are strictly aerobic

A

None of them enter a bacteria can grow in aerobic and anaerobic conditions

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4
Q

What is special about Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

It is a strictly aerobic bacteria which means it needs oxygen and cannot grow in anaerobic conditions

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5
Q

What is special about Bacteroides

A

These ones in contrast to pseudomonas aeruiginosa can only grow in an anaerobic conditions

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6
Q

List the three entero bacterias that are part of the normal flora of the human:

A

Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis

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7
Q

Name the Three enterobacteria that are not part of the normal microbiota and thus can cause diarrhea

A

Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia

Certains E. coli peuvent causer de la diarrhée

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8
Q

What are lipopolysaccharides in terms of bacteria

A

Lipopoli saccharides or lps are Molecules that are part of** gram negative bacteria** found on the external membrane
They contain lipid A which is a super potent endotoxin
LPS is important in pathogenicity of bacteria as it can create a huge reaction in the host

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9
Q

True or false liposaccharides are a key part of Grand Negative bacteria and are found in the cytoplasmic membrane

A

False the cytoplasmic membrane is the same for all bacteria gram positive and gram negative it is the external membrane that contains the LPS

Membrane externe

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10
Q

Describe the difference between endotoxins and exotoxins

A

An endotoxin is something that is part of the structure of bacteria
They all have it just like all females have a uterus and all enterobacteria have an LPS

On the other hand an exotoxin is something that is produced by a bacteria is sort of like a toxic pp
Not all bacteria can produce it some can and some can’t

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11
Q

What is a endotoxin and why is it so toxic
How come we have so many gram negative bacteria in our colon and we’re not sick

A

Like we said an endotoxin is a part of a virus that is or bacteria that is shared with all other finally of bacteria
In our case it is a lipid a of the lps
The reason why it is not toxic in the large intestine is because it is not free there it is bound to the bacteria and as long as an endotoxin is bound to the bacteria it doesn’t cause anything it is the moment that it is laced from a immune cell that it causes an issue

For example when the traveling the bloodstream our immune system sees the bacteria and lices them releasing lipid a and then hell is loose

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12
Q

Write out the main manifestations of Escherichia coli

A

Infection urinaire
Infection intra-abdominale
Méningite (bébé < 1 mois)
Bactériémie (passage de la bactérie dans le sang)

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13
Q

What is the first thing that has to happen in order for E Coli to cause symptoms

A

It has to attach
Most or almost all bacteria will have some type of adhesion molecules whether it is Fibrin Pili or different adhesion molecules that they will use to attach to the host cell and then walk up to the destination

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14
Q

What is the main thing that E coli will lead to

A

Most of the time it generates diarrhea Through the fabrication of toxins the host cell and then walk up to the destination

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15
Q

What is the mode of disease causation for urinary infections of E coli

A

They use their pilly and Thimbre to attach to the walls and multiply
Important to note here that they do not produce toxins

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16
Q

What is the pathological difference between a cystic and pyélonéphrite

A

cystic is a bladder infection otherwise known as a low urinary system infection
A pyélonéphrite is a kidney infection otherwise known as a high urinary system infection

17
Q

True or false
It is rare that a gram positive bacteria will infect the urinary system

A

False
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is one of the most common ones

18
Q

Name the principal symptoms of a bladder infection

5

A
  • Pain or burning sensation during urination (dysuria).
  • Frequent urination (urinary frequency).
  • Urgency to urinate (pollakiurie).
  • Lower abdominal discomfort or pain .
  • Cloudy or bloody urine (hematurie).
19
Q

Name the principal symptoms of a kidney infection

A
  • High fever (usually above 38°C; tremblements; frissons)
  • Flank pain, costo-vertebral pain (pain in the back or side, often below the ribs)
  • Symptoms of bladder infection
  • Sometimes can have nausia and vomitting
20
Q

Define Bactériurie asymptomatique and describe when it sould be treated

A

It is the presence of bacteria in the urine without any symptoms
Usually does not require treatment
Treatment with antibiotics recommended for patients undergoing Invasive **Urological Procedures, **

Also recomended if Streptococcus agalactiae dans l’urine pendant la grossesse
The mother will give birth connected to a penicillin IV to avoid transmission of the disease to the baby

21
Q

What is special about Bacteroides fragilis

A

Bactérie anaérobie stricte
Fait partie de la flore normale de l’intestin
Principal facteur de virulence : capsule
bâtonnet Gram (-) MAIS : peu d’activité de son endotoxine

22
Q

What is special about Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Souvent présent dans l’environnement hospitalier donc,
susceptible de causer des infections nosocomiales
Capable de croitre à 42*C (adores the spas)
Plusieurs facteurs de virulence : capsule, LPS, adhésines, exotoxine A et des enzymes
Odeur de raisin
pigment vert
Résistant à de nombreux antibiotiques

23
Q

À propos des infections urinaires, lequel des énoncés suivants est FAUX?
A. Escherichia coli est le micro-organisme le plus souvent responsable des infections urinaires basses (cystite).
B. Escherichia coli est le micro-organisme le plus souvent responsable des infections urinaires hautes (pyélonéphrite).
C. Il est recommandé de prescrire une culture d’urine 2 semaines après la fin du traitement d’une infection urinaire pour s’assurer de l’éradication de la bactérie.
D. La présence de fièvre en plus de symptômes suggestifs d’une infection urinaire devrait faire évoquer un diagnostic d’infection urinaire haute (pyélonéphrite).

A

Il est recommandé de prescrire une culture d’urine 2 semaines après la fin du traitement d’une infection urinaire pour s’assurer de l’éradication de la bactérie.

24
Q

Tous les symptômes suivants devraient faire évoquer un diagnostic d’infection urinaire sauf un. Indiquez lequel?
A. Urines troubles et nauséabondes
B. Dysurie et urgenturie
C. Pollakiurie et hématurie
D. Pollakiurie et douleur costo-vertébrale

A

Urines troubles et nauséabondes

25
Q

Le bilan sanguin demandé en urgence montre des leucocytes augmentés à 22.4 (N: 5.0 à 10.0), des plaquettes abaissées à 45,000 (N : 140,000 à 400,000) et une hémoglobine à 12.0 (N:12.0 à 16.0).
Lequel des énoncés suivants est VRAI?
A. Le patient a probablement une hémorragie interne (saignement) attribuable à la biopsie.
B. Des hémocultures (culture du sang) pourraient montrer la présence de bâtonnets Gram négatif.
C. La bactérie responsable des symptômes du patient est probablement Shigella.
D. L’examen microbiologique le plus important dans un cas comme celui présenté est la culture d’urine.

A

B. Des hémocultures (culture du sang) pourraient montrer la présence de bâtonnets Gram négatif.

Endo toxins

26
Q

Laquelle des bactéries suivantes est un bâtonnet Gram négatif qui serait considéré pathogène, s’il
était retrouvé dans la culture de selles de cet enfant?
A. Salmonella typhi
B. Escherichia coli
C. Proteus mirabilis
D. Enterococcus faecium

A

A. Salmonella typhi

27
Q

À propos d’Escherichia coli, lequel des énoncés suivants est FAUX?
A. Il s’agit de l’entérobactérie dont l’incidence de bactériémie est la plus élevée.
B. Il peut causer des méningites chez les nourrissons âgés < 1 mois.
C. Sa membrane cytoplasmique contient des lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
D. Certaines souches possèdent des adhésines qui permettent aux bactéries d’adhérer aux cellules qui tapissent la vessie.

A

C. Sa membrane cytoplasmique contient des lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

Remember that membrane cytoplasmique is the same between gram positive and negative
It is rather the mebrane externe

28
Q

Les signes et symptômes de choc septique sont attribuables à quelle structure bactérienne ?
A. Aux porines
B. Aux peptidoglycanes
C. À l’exotoxine A
D. Aux lipopolysaccharides

A

D. Aux lipopolysaccharides

29
Q

Les bactéries suivantes ont été retrouvées dans l’échantillon : Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis et Enterococcus faecium.
Lequel des énoncés suivants est FAUX?
A. Bacteroides fragilis est la seule bactérie retrouvée dans cet échantillon qui est anaérobie stricte.
B. Toutes les bactéries isolées de l’échantillon font partie de la flore normale du côlon.
C. Trois de ces bactéries sont des bâtonnets Gram négatif.
D. Au moins 4 de ces bactéries possèdent une endotoxine

A

D. Au moins 4 de ces bactéries possèdent une endotoxine

Enterococcus faecalis et Enterococcus faecium are gram positive

30
Q

À propos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lequel des énoncés suivants est FAUX?
A. Il est reconnu pour causer des pneumonies nosocomiales.
B. Lorsqu’il est présent dans une plaie, les pansements sont teintés d’un pigment vert.
C. Cette bactérie est reconnue comme étant très nauséabonde.
D. Un de ses principaux facteurs de virulence est l’exotoxine A.

A

C. Cette bactérie est reconnue comme étant très nauséabonde.