Micro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a receptive host
Give an example

A

A receptive host is the person that is susceptible to a infection
For example someone who is not vaccinated against COVID 19 or Rougiol
This can be influenced by vaccination status sexual status age immunodeficiency medication etc

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2
Q

define what is reservoir of infection

A

A reservoir is who exactly has the microbes
It can be people animals food objects water etc

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3
Q

Describe the difference between pathogenicity and virulance

A

Pathogenicity:
Their capacity to infect a person. Example, majority of people that catch a Streptococcus pyogenes will have a throat issue. VS., Streptococcus viridans we all have it and it’s rare that it causes an illness.

Virulence:
Capacity to cause terrible diseases. Like mangeuse de chair. Insane pain, needs surgery. Si elle n’est pas traitée rapidement, elle peut entraîner une amputation

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4
Q

What is the infectious dose

A

It is the amount of pathogen that you need in order to cause symptoms

Deux bactéries, Salmonella et Escherichia coli, peuvent causer la diarrhée.
You need little shigella and a lot of Salmonella

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5
Q

What is the main disease caused by C difficile

A

C difficile donne une diarrhée Assez (C) Difficile

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6
Q

What are the two types of transmission

A

Direct which includes kissing or sexual transmission
Indirect which means through objects that someone touched etc

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7
Q

Describe gouttelette vs air transmission

A

Goutteletes are macromicrobes that are large and heavy: coughing, sneezing, talking. They fall in front (3-6 feet)

air transmission: They fly in the air and can travel to infect anyone in the room.

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8
Q

What is a vehicule of transmission?

A

, a contaminated food, contaminated drug

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9
Q

Describe the concept of vertical transmission

A

A transmission of a pathogen from the mother to his baby either during pregnancy or birth

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10
Q

Define the difference between sporadic infection and endemic infection

A

Infection sporadique : infection qui apparait occasionnellement et par cas isolé -> very rare -> need to alert sante quebec (like mangeuse de chair)

Infection endémique : infection qui est continuellement présente dans une population donné -> just another day at the office no need to worry

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11
Q

Describe the difference between an epidemi and an enclosure

A

Épidémie: A higher number of infections in a population say in Quebec to a degree of higher than predicted

Éclosion : Similarly a higher number of infections than predicted but much more locally say in a hospital or a health unity

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12
Q

Define what a pandemic is

A

A pandemic is an epidemic that occurs at the global level
An example includes influenza and Covid19

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13
Q

What is a zoonose

A

Zoonose : A zoonose, also known as a zoonotic disease, is an infectious disease that can be transmitted from non-human animals, usually vertebrates, to humans

Some examples of zoonotic diseases include Ebola, salmonellosis, and even COVID-19

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14
Q

What is the difference between a community infection versus nosocomial infection

A

Infection communautaire est une infection sans lien avec les soins de santé
No relation to the health care system for example the patient came with an appendicitis and it’s not related to the hygiene of the hospital

Infection nosocomiale est une infection en lien avec des soins de santé
Someone that gets diarrhea because they stayed in a hospital and then there is C difficile eclosion

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15
Q

What is an opportunistic infection

A

It is an infection that is otherwise non problematic in healthy people but can be damaging when someone is undergoing a time where their immune system is severely weakened

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16
Q

What is a healthy carrier of the pathogen bacteria

A

It means someone who is carrying a bacteria but it doesn’t cause symptoms
For example someone who has streptococcus pyogenes in their mouth it’s not problematic but if they bite someone and the bacteria enters the other person’s bloodstream it can be very problematic because this is what causes the skin eating thing