Immune system part 3

Question 1

What is the difference between antibodies and immunoglobulins and what are their respective roles

Answer 1

Antibodies and immunoglobulins are the same thing
These are the molecules that will attack directly the pathogen attached directly to pathogen
Antibodies can do:
Neutralisation
Opsonisation
Activation du complément

Question 2

Describe Neutralisation from antibodies

Answer 2

Le pathogène se fait « encercler » par les anticorps et devient incapable « d’attaquer » le corps humain.
Par exemple, un virus attaqué par des anticorps serait incapable d’infecter une cellule de l’hôte

Question 3

Describe antibody mediated opsonisation

Answer 3

Attatch to surface of pathogen and make them more delicious for the macrophages. Yummy yummy
(This is what complemetn system used to do as well)

Anti-bodies are easy to detect for macrophages

Question 4

Describe antibody mediated complement activation

Answer 4

Simply speaking the compliment can recognize the antibodies that are surrounding the pathogen which can lead to the activation cascade which in turn can lead to opsonisation killing or even recruitment

Question 5

True or false :
The same antibody can recognize different parts of a pathogen

Answer 5

False
They are hyper specific to each antigen of the pathogen
So each antibody is highly specific to each pathogen part and a pathogen will be surrounded by many antibodies that recognize different antigens

Question 6

Where do antibodies come from?

Answer 6

They are produced by B lymphocytes

Question 7

What is the difference between tcrs and bcrs

Answer 7

Tcrs are T cell receptors
Bcrs are B cell receptors
The main difference is that B cell receptors are antibodies attached to the cellular membrane of B lymphocytes

Question 8

True or false
The antibodies produced by a B lymphocyte will recognize the same antigen as the bcr of the mother B lymphocyte

Answer 8

True

Question 9

In terms of be lymphocyte and T lymphocyte maturity what is the main difference

Answer 9

The maturity and selection of the lymphocytes occurs in the thymus
The maturity and selection of B lymphocyte occurs in the bone marrow

Question 10

In terms of presentation to antigen what is the difference between B and T lymphocytes

Answer 10

B cells do not need to be presented in antigen
it can recognize his antigen that is floating around

Question 11

Describe B lymphocyte activation

Answer 11

catch bacteria debris that is floating in the ganglions
They can bind their antibody (bCR) to a part of the pathogen debris and then insert it inside
The ingested pathogen debris is then broken down into small particles and
expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes as a CMH 2
This antigen can now be recognized by a T lymphocyte that has been already activated
The T lymphocyte will encourage the B lymphocyte to proliferate and produce more antibodies

Question 12

What is an isotype

Answer 12

An isotype is the part of the antibody that determines its function
It is the vertical line of the Y

Question 13

What is the role of IgDs in pathogen control?

Answer 13

Nothing, no role!

Question 14

Describe the role of IgM antibodies?

Answer 14

Can neutrilize

can help with yummy creation (opsinization)

They are fantastic for complement activation!!

C’est la première immunoglobuline produite par les lymphocytes B après leur activation (après avoir reconnu leur antigène et reçu un 2e signal (ex: l’aide d’un lymphocyte T)).

Question 15

What is commutation isotypique?

Answer 15

Please isotype switching it happens when a B cell matures and begins to produce more specific IG (functional isotype) for example b cell starts producing IGG instead of IGM

B cell liscencing

Question 16

What is the difference between igm and igg

Answer 16

IgM is the fast response
IgG is the most specific and important response that happens after B cell licensing

Question 17

This type of immunoglobulin is the one that will exist longer in blood in order to protect against the second infection

Answer 17

IgGs

Question 18

These are the only immunoglobulin antibodies that will be transferred to child after or during birth

Answer 18

IgGs

Question 19

Describe the main role of immunoglobulin a

Answer 19

It is found in mucosal and it is important for the protection of mucosals
We also find it in mother milk

Question 20

What are immoglobulin E and what is different about their function

Answer 20

They are incapable of doing neutralization optimization and complement system activation
They instead bind to the surface of mastocytes and basophiles -> activation of these cells
Important in parasite infections

Question 21

Describe what happens to T and B cells after the end of an infection

Answer 21

How many things the clones of teal emphasize and we emphasize that have not been activated during the infection will not die off and will become memory T and B cells
They will be ready in case the infection reoccurs
The key difference is that they do not need to be reactivated again in order to function
This allows for a more rapid and more efficient response to the second infection

Question 22

Even three months after an infection there are circulating igs in a patients body
What causes this

Answer 22

Plasmocytes continuously secrete antibodies to prevent a reinfection

Question 23

These immunoglobulin are not able of neutralization opsonization or complement activation

Answer 23

Immunoglobuline E (IgE)