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pathology > Mi - Worms > Flashcards

Mi - Worms Flashcards

1
Q

what is the medical word for worms

A

helminths

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2
Q

how do worms cause rapid vs slow damage

A

rapid = humans aren’t their natural host
slow = worms / eggs try to escape

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3
Q

3 types of worms

A

cestodes
trematodes
nematodes

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4
Q

what are cestodes aka

A

tape worms

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5
Q

2 types of cestodes

A

pork / beef / fish
hydatid

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6
Q

what do cestodes look like

A

flat, segmented (oldest at the end)

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7
Q

what are trematodes aka

A

flukes

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8
Q

4 places trematodes can invade

A

lung / liver / intestinal / blood

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9
Q

what is the trematode that infects blood called

A

schistosomiasis

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10
Q

what are nematodes aka

A

roundworms

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11
Q

3 types of nematodes

A

hookworms
ascaris
tichuris enchuria

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12
Q

what do nematodes look like

A

round with body cavity

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13
Q

what is the definitive and intermediate host in the pork / beef tapeworm

A

human is definitive host
cow / pig is intermediate host

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14
Q

what is pork / beef tapeworm called

A

taenia

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15
Q

what is the taenia disease called

A

cystercicosis

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16
Q

what happens inside the human when it gets cystercicosis from taenia

A

taenia keeps growing as the human is effectively acting like the pig (intermediate host)

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17
Q

what is the definitive / intermediate / accidental host in hydatid disease

A

intermediate = sheep / goats
definitive = foxes / dogs
accidental = humans

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18
Q

what disease does hydatid look like

A

cystercicosis

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19
Q

how is hydatid disease passed

A

via dog poo

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20
Q

tx of hydatid disease worms

A

praziquantel

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21
Q

tx of hydatid disease cysts

A

PAIR surgery - suck out contents
albendazole long term

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22
Q

tx of cystersicosis (3)

A

albendazole
prazinquantel
steroids

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23
Q

worms only cause issues for humans when they are the ____ host not the ____ host

A

issues = accidental intermediate host
no issues = definitive host

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24
Q

how are cysts in cystercisosis / hydatid diagnosed

A

imaging and serology

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25
Q

how many species of schistosomiasis are there

A

4

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26
Q

where is schistosomiasis mainly found

A

africa !!!! no1
SE asia
south /cent america

27
Q

3 organs that schistosomiasis damages

A

bladder / bowel
liver

28
Q

how does schistosomiasis damage the bladder / bowel

A

migration of eggs through bladder / bowel –> can get TCC of bladder

29
Q

how does schistosomiasis damage the liver

A

retrograde passage of eggs through liver –> cirrhosis

30
Q

schistosomiasis is the only fluke that has both ____ ?

A

sexes (ie there are males and females)

31
Q

lifecycle of schistosomiasis

A

pair up M&F –> eggs –> migrate through bladder –> pass into water –> hatch into snails –> burrow into human foot –> find venous plexus –> find mate –> eggs

32
Q

how is schistosomiasis diagnosed

A

microscopy of terminal urine
stool culture
serology (ABs)
biopsy

33
Q

what species is isolated from urine microscopy in schistosomiasis

A

s. haematomiab

34
Q

what species is isolated from stool in schistosomiasis

A

s.triansoni

35
Q

sx of schistosomiasis

A

haematuria

36
Q

tx of schistosomiasis

A

prazinquantel

37
Q

how is schistosomiasis prevented

A

hard
- kill snails
- mass tx with prazinquantel
- avoid snails / fresh water

38
Q

what causes damage in schistosomiasis

A

egg deposition

39
Q

how are nematodes transmitted

A

soil –> food / transdermal

40
Q

general prognosis for nematodes

A

not really, don’t cause too much trouble

41
Q

how do nematodes cause disease (4)

A

migration
worm burden
malabsorption and blood loss
psychological distress

42
Q

lifecycle of ascaris

A

eggs swallowed in food –> hatch in stomach –> travel to gut –> eggs

43
Q

name another nematode

A

strongyloides

44
Q

what special skill does strongyloides have that no other helminth does

A

autoinfection (all cell cycle is in humans)

45
Q

how does strongyloides autoinfect humans

A

eggs hatch in stool to form larvae –> if stool is still in rectum, then they can reinfect the same human if worm is mature enough

46
Q

sx of soil transmitted helminths

A

usually none - most people will never know they have them

47
Q

what carries filiariasis

A

blackflies / mosquitos

48
Q

types of filiariasis (3)

A

lymphatic
subcut
seroud cavity

49
Q

what is included in a parasite screen (including 3 bugs to look for)

A

serology - stronglyoides / schistosomiasis / filaria
stool micro

50
Q

filaria lifecycle

A

adult worms pass eggs –> sucked up by vector –> injected into next host

51
Q

2 complications of filariasis

A

elephantitis
river blindness

52
Q

dx of filariasis

A

find them in blood / skin
ABs via ELISA
USS - see adult worms

53
Q

what is the name of the sign on USS of adult filaria worms moving

A

dance sign

54
Q

what is myiasis

A

parasitisation of human flesh by fly larvae

55
Q

what 2 flies cause myiasis and where is each endemic to

A

bot fly - south america
tumbu fly - africa

56
Q

why does myiasis cause local damage

A

maggots burrow into flesh

57
Q

who in UK gets myiasis and why

A

homeless people - they are opportunistic here so only invade ulcers not cared for etc

58
Q

other than parasites, what can cause a raised eosinophils

A

atopy
allergy
HL / NHL
SLE

59
Q

what type of helminth comes out of the leg

A

guinea worm

60
Q

which helminth lives in the bowel and is passed from food

A

ascaris

61
Q

febrile child with worms coming out of nose / mouth / bum / every oriffice. what is the helminth and why is it doing that?

A

ascaris
- doesn’t like heat

62
Q

what % of hydatid serology is negative in infected people

A

25%

63
Q

what bug causes subcutaneous swelling as they spread

A

Loa Loa

pathology (87 decks)

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