Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > C - Nutrition (E) > Flashcards

C - Nutrition (E) Flashcards

1
Q

which vitamins are fat soluble

A

A D E K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is vitamin A

A

retinol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is vitamin D

A

cholecalciferol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is vitamin E

A

tocopherol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is vitamin K

A

phytomenadione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PC of vit A deficiency

A

colour blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PC of vit D deficiency

A

rickets / osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PC of vit E deficiency

A

anaemia
neuropathy
? malignancy
IHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PC of vit K deficiency

A

defective clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PC of excess vit A

A

exfoliation
hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PC of excess vit D

A

hypercalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how are the fat soluble vitamins tested

A

A D E = serum
K = PTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the water soluble vitamins

A

B1
B2
B6
B12
C
folate
niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is vit b1

A

thiamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is vit b2

A

riboflavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is vit b6

A

pyridoxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is vit b12

A

cobalamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PC of deficiency of vit b1

A

beri beri
neuropathy
wernickes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PC of deficiency of vit b2

A

glossitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PC of deficiency of vit b6

A

dermatitis
anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PC of deficiency of vit b12

A

pernicious anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PC of excess of vit b6

A

neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is vit b1 tested

A

RBC transketolase
(rarely done - would just Tx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how is vit b2 tested

A

RBC glutathione reductase
(rarely done)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how is vit b6 tested

A

RBC AST activation
(rarely done)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how is vit b12 tested

A

serum b12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

PC of vit C deficiency

A

scurvy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

PC of excess vit C

A

renal stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

test for vit C

A

plasma
(rarely done)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

PC of deficiency of folate

A

megaloblastic anaemia
neural tube defect

31
Q

PC of deficiency of niacin

A

pellagra

32
Q

test for folate

A

RBC folate

33
Q

PC of pellagra

A

dermatitis
diarrhoea
dementia
–> death

34
Q

name 5 trace elements that are important in diet / health

A

iron
iodine
zinc
copper
fluoride

35
Q

PC of deficiency of iron

A

hypochromic anaemia

36
Q

PC of xs iron

A

haemochromatosis
(can also affect fertility - deposited in testes)

37
Q

what does deficiency of iodine cause

A

goitre
hypothyroidism

38
Q

what does deficiency of zinc cause

A

dermatitis

39
Q

what does deficiency of copper cause

A

anaemia

40
Q

what is an xs of copper called

A

wilsons

41
Q

what does a deficiency of fluoride cause

A

dental carries

42
Q

what is xs fluoride caused

A

flurosis

43
Q

how is iron measured

A

FBC
ferritin
Fe

44
Q

how is copper measured

A

Cu
caeroplasmin

45
Q

how is iodine measured

A

TFTs

46
Q

which tissue has the greatest influence on satiety etc

A

white adipose tissue

47
Q

which hormone makes you insulin resistant after eating a big meal

A

adiponectin

48
Q

which is the anti hunger hormone

A

leptin

49
Q

which is the hunger hormone

A

Ghrelin

50
Q

which is the hormone which increases after eating a big meal to reduce hunger

A

PYY

51
Q

what % of body is water / fat / protein / minerals

A

water 60-70% / fat 10-35% / protein 10-15% / minerals 3-5%

52
Q

what BMI is overweight / obese / morbidly obese

A

overweight 25-30
obese >30
morbidly obese >40

53
Q

how are BMI cut offs different for south asian people

A

2 units lower, so a BMI of 23 for south asian is overweight

54
Q

other comorbidities of obesity

A

psychological issues
chest disease eg OSA
malignancy - bowel / breast etc
DM
gynae - PCOS
rheumatological issues
pregnancy issues

55
Q

how have diets changed over time

A

more fats, less carbs

56
Q

protein intake in men / women

A

84mg men
64mg women

57
Q

good lipids

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids inc essential fatty acids

58
Q

good cholesterol

A

HDL

59
Q

how are saturate fats different from unsaturated fats

A

saturated have no carbon bonds, polyunsaturated have lots of carbon bonds

60
Q

which fatty acids are worse

A

trans fatty acids
(cis fatty acids better)

61
Q

high trans fatty acids = ?

A

increased risk of IHD

62
Q

what are the components of metabolic syndrome

A

fasting glucose >6
waist circumference >102(M) or >88(F)
microalbumin insulin resistance
HTN >135/80
HDL <1(M) or <1.3(F)

63
Q

what % of UK population is obese

A

25%

64
Q

what % of population is overweight

A

66%

65
Q

what is the first step in Ix/Tx obesity

A

rule out endocrine cause (rare) but won’t respond to Tx

66
Q

Mx of obesity after ruling out endocrine causes

A

exclude complications of obesity
educate
diet
exercise
medical Tx
surgical Tx - bariatric surgery

67
Q

what are the medical Tx of obesity

A

orlistat
GLP1 agonist

68
Q

surgical Tx options for obesity

A

gastric bypass (best)
gastric band
sleeve gastrectomy

69
Q

what happens in a gastric bypass surgery

A

bypass majority of stomach and first part of duodenum, then plum in next bit of colon

70
Q

what is marasmus

A

malnutrition of protein and carbs

71
Q

features of marasmus

A

shrivlled
growth retardation
severe muscle wasting
no subcut fat

72
Q

what is kwashiorkor

A

malnutrition of protein but have enough carbs

73
Q

who gets kwashiorkor

A

famine areas

74
Q

features of kwashiorkor

A

OEDEMA
scaling / ulceration
lethargic
large liver
subcut fat

Pathology (87 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions