mh wk 6- psychosis Flashcards
psychosis
medical term used to describe many experiences of “losing contact with reality” including:
-Ability to think clearly
-Telling difference between reality and inner experiences
-Changes in the way people behave
Psychosis is regarded as a ______ ______ of specific psychiatric disorders, particularly ______ but psychotic experiences are actually observed in the context of many other mental health difficulties e.g _____ + _____ etc
characteristic feature
schizophrenia
depression, trauma
two types of symptoms in psychosis
positive, negative
negative symptoms of psychosis
defined by absence of emotonal responses, thought processes and behaviours that are usual in most indoviduals
positive symptoms of psychosis
defined by presence of states and experiences that individuals do not normally experience.
sensory perceptions unrelated to outside events, often auditory, but can be in any other/multiple sensory modality inc. visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, somatic
is this positive or negative symptom
Hallucinations
positive
Delusions
is this positive or negative symptom
False beliefs, often held with great conviction, wide range of possible themes e.g. grandiose beliefs, persecutory/ paranoid beliefs
positive symptom
which psychological therapies does NICE recommend for psychosis
what otehr therapies are available
CBT
Family intervention
Arts therapy
Rogerian/person centred therapy
- psychoanalytic therapy
- intervention to reduce problematic substance use
CBTp
CBT for psychosis
apply basic principles to understanding and making sense of distress caused by psychotic experiences
Formulating psychotic experiences
After goals are established for therapy (which symptoms targetted), therapist carries out assessment to:
- identify related thoughts, feelings, behaviours
- help client to see how these interact to maintain the problem
- Create shared understanding of how the problem developed + what could be done to resolve it
what does normalising psychosis mean
- challenging stigma
- providing more accurate information
- ## correcting common misconceptions ab psychosis, its concequences, causes
evidence against myth that psychosis patients are violent
- no evidence they are more likely to be violent
- much more likely to be recievers of violence
- more likely to be preoccupied with ow nproblems
myth psychosis diagnosis for life
30% have single episode
- some experience more than one episode after living symptom free
- minority (<25%) have persisting symptoms
myth psychosis unable to work
may be times whrn this is true, but not .
many are able to work and have relationships
myth. psychosis always causes distress and ppl always need treatment
- many experience strange beleif and hear voices, but aren’t distressed by them.
- many make sense of experiences in a way they find helpful. (e.g. telepathy)
- saome cultures, psychotic symptoms are viewed positively
myth,. psychosis consequence of brain disease
- can caused by lack of sleep
- sensory deprivation
- substances or activities causing altered consciousness
- stressful events
- bereavement
- Trauma
improving coping strategies in psychosis
review already used strategies.
reflect + experiment with new ones.
increase respite + control
example of coping strategies
understanding psychosis
respond diff to symptoms
reduce arousal and distress
possible strategies for challenging unhelpful beliefs
- socratic questioning
- keep log of recent voices
- evidence/counterevidence analysis
what is reccommended as the first line of treatment for psychosis across all stages
what does it reccomend ab trauma
psychotherapy. CBT
all should be assessed for trauma and PTSD. and offered trauma focused psychological interventions.
BMAC technique to psychosis
Broad Minded Affective Coping
- positive emotions can broaden the array of behavioural options and increase access to a wider range of resources.
- through mental imagery, BMAC aims to elicit past positive memories + positive emotional states associated with them.
results of BMAC
improve happiness and hope. reduce negative mood states in psychosis and PTSD. Reduce suicide thoughts in students
