indiv diff 4

Question 1

scale vs inventory

Answer 1

scale = one trait

inventory = multiple dimension

Question 2

Response set biases

Answer 2

people’s tendency to respond in a particular way across a set of items

Question 3

examples of response set biases and how to counter respond

Answer 3

Acquiescence bias = agree
Nay saying = disgree
- reduce both via negative scoring (but no double negatives)

Midpoint responding - middle
- respond by removing midpoint

Question 4

SDB vs faking

how to control for these

Answer 4

social desirability response bias.

Faking is when there is a deceptive intent

control by including lie detector items

e.g. “I have never told a lie, I find dirty jokes amusing”

and control by adding all socially undesirable items

Question 5

Measurement Error

Answer 5

Differences between a person’s true personality score and their test score. Includes random error (non-systematic) and systematic error (bias).

Question 6

Behavioral Measures of Personality

Answer 6

Measures based on spontaneous behavior rather than self-report. Example: Steffans & Schulze König (2006) assessed personality traits using real-world tasks.

Question 7

Implicit Personality Assessment

Answer 7

Measures automatic associations (e.g., Implicit Association Test). May correlate better with behavior than self-report scores.

Question 8

Self-Other Knowledge Asymmetry (SOKA) Model

Answer 8

Self-ratings are more accurate for low-observability traits (e.g., neuroticism). Others’ ratings are better for high-evaluativeness traits (e.g., intellect).

Question 9

Projective Tests

Answer 9

Participants interpret ambiguous stimuli (e.g., Rorschach test, Thematic Apperception Test). Less biased but difficult to score.

Question 10

Apperceptive Personality Test

Answer 10

Participants make up a story about images, revealing personality traits