MH 3 depression Flashcards
Biogenetic factors of depression
- Familial risk (not one found in literature)
- genetic diff in preoduction and/or uptake of certain neurotransmitters
- Gender/sex
- Physical health conditions
Sociocultural factors of depression
- Environmental
- Gender
- Ethnicity
- Socioeconomic status
- Discrimination
- (self) stigma
Psychological factors of depression
- Early & Recent trauma
- certain schemas and coping styles
- Rumination
- Gender
- Meta-emotion
Debate around the serotonin theory of depression
A large umbrella review of evidence found NO support for the hypothesis that depression is caused by lowered serotonin activity or concentrations
- use of antidepressant meds is largely based on the serotonin hypothesis
- Moncrief argues mental health difficulties have been over-medicalised rather than understanding the larger context surrounding people’s lives and other factors
NICE stand sfor
national institute for health Care and Excellence
3 prinicples in NICE guidelines
- Principles of Care:
Build a trustung relationship, explore treatment choices, be aware of stigma and discrimination - Recognition and assessment: Validated questionnaires, assess for severity of symptoms, previous history, duration, course of illness, impact on functioning & risk assessment
- Choice of treatments: Discuss ideas/preferences, the recommended treatments, how and where they will be delivered
when discussing treatments with a service user, what is recommended by NICE
least invasive and least resource intensive treatment recommended first.
CBT and BA focus on diff areas e.g.
CBT assumes mainly that our thinking is a heavy influence on out behaviour. This is a symbiotic reationship.
BA (Behavioural activation) has an emphasis on the role depressed behaviour has in perpetuating the depression through the process of avoidance.
behaviour change aims to manage that avoidance. (BA is kind of a part of CBT, but more focused)
differ in their ‘mechanism of change’
CBT
understands c
focuses on unhelpful thinking and behaviour
The way that situations are interpreted is through cognition, made up of:
- Core beliefs. Rigid, overgeneralized, developed in critical period = belief ab self, world, others.
- dysfunctional assumptions. assumptions or rules of living that help to protect them from the activation of their core beliefs. These assumptions get translated into actions which we understand as their coping strategies. e.g. believe I am worthless, will always work hard to prove I am not.
- negative automatic thoughts. most superficial level of cognition.
CBT is the collaboration to try identify and challenge these thoughts e.g. behavioural experiments
Typical behavioural assignments in CBT
- Activity scheduling
- Exposure techniques (anxious clients)
- Interpersonal skills (social, communication, assertiveness)
- Emotional regulation, mindfulness or relaxation
- Problem solving
- using techniques to improve sleep, regulate eating, or decrease use of harmful substances
Behavioural activation
based on learning theory
- when ppl become depressed, a lot of behaviour functions to avoid unpleasant thoughts, feelings or situations but this also leads to missing out on positive reinforcers
BA therapy is designed to raise their awareness of this and the unintended consequence of their actions (i.e. doing this will make ur situation worse rather than help)
Mindfullness based Cog therapy for depression
helps to develop an alternative way of being with experience and to learn skills to more fully engage with present experience. to be ‘in the moment’.
aims:
-better understand
- recurrent depression
- stabilise attention. from autopilot to where we want attention to be
- step back from direct experience, see more clearly, choose a kinder response
- build learning into everyday life
