MGMT Exam 2 - FLASHCARDS - Chapter 9
The structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior are referred to as
Personality
What is personality a link between?
Nature and nurture
What is the Big Five Personality characteristics and their relationship to job performance and organizational commitment?
- Conscientiousness - dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, and persevering.
- Agreeableness - warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful and courteous.
3.Extraversion - talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold and dominant. - Neuroticism - nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, unstable, and jealous.
- Openness to experience - curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated
The model that suggests that personality can be categorized across five personality dimensions is known as the
Big five factor model
What is accomplishment striving and which part of the Big Five does it relate to?
A strong desire to accomplish tasks, challenging tasks preferably to spend a lot of time working those tasks.. Represents conscientiousness
What is community striving and which part of the Big Five does it relate to?
Reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships, get along rather than get ahead. Represents agreeableness
What is status striving and which part of the Big Five does it relate to?
Reflects a strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure. Represents extraversion
Which personality dimensions of the Big Five taxonomy appear not to change dramatically throughout an adult person’s life?
Openness to experience
Extraversion
A circumstance in which two people meet for the first time is referred to as a(n) ______ situation.
zero acquaintance
Agreeable employees value ______ striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.
Communion
Jolene doesn’t believe that “luck happens”; she thinks you make your own luck in life. Based on this information, it appears that Jolene has a(n) _____ locus of control.
Internal
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), ______ people rely on objective, clear evidence.
Sensing
What term describes the instinctive feeling or “gut instinct” we have when making a decision?
Intuition
Elena failed her last test. She blamed it on the fact that the test was poorly written and the room was too noisy for her to concentrate, not that she didn’t study for the test. Based on this information, it appears that Elena has a(n) ______ locus of control.
External
A society that has a strong group orientation and emphasizes the interdependence of people would be categorized as having a high degree of
Collectivism
An employee from a culture with a low degree of power distance tends to
expect consensus-oriented decision making within the organization.
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), managers are most likely
thinking and judging.
What can be described as the personality of a society?
Culture
The extent to which a culture can handle uncertainty and lack of clarity is referred to as
uncertainty avoidance.
People who value personal freedom and self-sufficiency and who prioritize watching out for their own well-being and that of their close family members can be described as
individualistic
______ refers to the degree that people tend to accept an unequal distribution of power within a society or organization.
Power distance
According to Hofstede’s dimensions of cultural values, a feminine culture tends to value stereotypically female traits, such as
caring about quality of life
An employee who prefers a workplace where there are clearly defined rules, policies, and procedures that dictate how jobs are supposed to be done would likely have a high level of
uncertainty avoidance.
Which cultural value corresponds to a society that tends to focus on establishing order and structure?
restraint
People in a culture that has a ______ focus tend to be most concerned with the past and present, not the future.
short-term oriented
Kiara is a team lead for Synergy Corp. She believes her team members need to listen to her solely because of her position. Based on what you know about Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, Kiara is high on what?
Power distance
The United States has one of the most entrepreneurial societies in the world. Entrepreneurship requires a high level of risk-taking. Based on this information, Americans generally have a _________ score on _________.
Low; uncertainty avoidance
The main objective of Project GLOBE is to
examine the impact of culture on the effectiveness of leader attributes, behaviors, and practices.
The propensity to view your own cultural values as “right” and the values of other cultures as “wrong” is known as
ethnocentrism.
Research has indicated that conscientious employees have higher levels of which types of commitment?
Affective and normative
Research has suggested that conscientiousness has a ______ effect on job performance.
Moderate positive
What is positive affectivity?
Dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation.
What personality characteristic tends to experience positive affectivity?
Extraversion
What is negative affectivity?
Dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance.
What personality characteristic tends to experience negative affectivity?
Neuroticism
What are the four contrasting preferences captured in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
Extraversion vs. Introversion
Sensing vs. Intuition
Thinking vs. Feeling
Judging vs. Perceiving
What are Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions?
Individualism-Collectivisim
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Masculinity-Femininity
Short-term v. Long-Term Orientation
What are the dimensions of culture in the GLOBE project?
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Institutional Collectivism
In-group Collectivism
Gender Egalitarianism
Assertiveness
Future Orientation
Performance Orientation
Humane Orientation
What does project GLOBE stand for?
Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness
What culture encourages and rewards members for excellence and performance improvements?
Performance orientation
What culture engages in investing and planning for the future while delaying individual or collective gratification?
Future orientation
What culture encourages and rewards members for bring caring, kind, generous, and fair?
Humane orientation
What is ethnocentrism?
The belief that one’s native country, culture, language, and modes of behavior are superior to all others.
- Reject outsiders
- Cultural relativism
What problems might arise from ethnocentrism?
Recruiting difficulties, higher turnover, and more HR related lawsuits
What are the two types of integrity tests?
Clear purpose tests and veiled purpose tests
What tests ask about attitudes toward dishonesty, beliefs about the frequency of dishonesty, desire to punish dishonesty, and confession of past dishonesty?
Clear purpose tests
What tests do not directly ask about dishonesty, instead assess more general personality traits associated with dishonest acts?
Veiled purpose tests
What is the role of faking in the accuracy of integrity tests?
People respond in a way that they think they should respond, not truthfully
Why do people who have a high level of neuroticism experience higher levels of stress (hint it deals with differential exposure, differential reactivity and locus of control)?
Differential Exposure- more likely to appraise day to day situations as stressful
Differential Reactivity- less likely to believe they can cope with he stressors that they experience
Locus of Control- reflects whether people attribute the causes of events to themselves or the external environment
People who score higher in neuroticism often perceive life events as more stressful than their less neurotic counterparts. This tendency is referred to as
differential exposure
When simple things go wrong during the day, Anika “freaks out” and is certain that she can’t cope with the situation, rather than trying to reason it out. Anika’s reactions are an example of
Differential reactivity
