methods of studying cell slides Flashcards

1
Q

what is cell culture

A

where cells are grown to be studied on their behaviour

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2
Q

why are incubators used on cell cultures

A

to mimic physiological conditions/ body temps

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3
Q

what are the 4 stages in cell growth

A

lag, log, stationary, death

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4
Q

what is the lag phase of cell growth

A

where cells are slow growing

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5
Q

what is the log phase of cell growth

A

where cells grow exponentially and double

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6
Q

what is the stationary phase of the cell cycle

A

where cell culture is confluent, cell growth slows down/stops

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7
Q

what is the death stage of cell growth

A

when the cell begins to die and detach from the surface of the culture dish

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8
Q

what is transfection

A

the introduction of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) of interest into the cell to produce genetically modified cell model

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9
Q

what does transient mean

A

that something is not long lasting or stable, ( if the inserted dna is rejected then the transfection is classed as transient)

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10
Q

what does stable mean in relation to transfection of cells

A

it means that the foreign code DNA that was inserted into the cell is continually being included, so the transfection is seen as stable

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11
Q

why are disease models used in transfection

A

to study the molecular mechanisms of disease

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12
Q

what are the two types of light microscope

A

compound and inverted

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13
Q

what is the role of the condenser part of a microscope

A

they’re lenses that collect and focus light from the illuminator to the specimen

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14
Q

what are the two types of electron microscope

A

transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes

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15
Q

how do electron microscopes work

A

by firing electrons at a sample

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16
Q

does the TEM or the SEM produce 3D images

A

The SEM

17
Q

why are cells dyed

A

some are to get a better view of the whole cell others are to see a bigger contrast between elements of a cell

18
Q

what is flow cytometry

A

a method of studying cells in fluid

19
Q

how does flow cytometry work

A

cells are initially labelled with a fluorescent dye, then they’re forced through a nozzle in a single cell stream till they pass through a laser, this causes the excitation o fa specific fluorescence

20
Q

how are fluorescence readings measured

A

when the cell passes through the laser light is scattered to the front and to the side, this returns as 2 readings FS and SS

21
Q

what does FS stand for in terms of fluorescence readings

A

cell size

22
Q

what does SS stand for in terms of fluorescence readings

A

is proportional to the granularity of the cells

23
Q

what are the flow cytometry readings for granulocytes

A

they’re larger and in high numbers producing a large population with high side scatter and forward scatter

24
Q

what are the flow cytometry readings for monocytes

A

large cells, not very granular, high FS, low SS

25
Q

what are the flow cytometry readings for lymphocytes

A

small, not very granular so low FS and LOW SS