Methods of presenting practise

Question 1

Whole practise (Definition):

Answer 1

Practising the skill in its entirity.

Question 2

Which type of practise involves performing the skill in its entirety without breaking it into sub-routines?

Answer 2

Whole practise.

Question 3

Whole-part-whole practise (Definition):

Answer 3

Assessing the skill, identifying a weakness to practise, then putting the skill back together.

Question 4

Progressive part practise (Definition):

Answer 4

Practising the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually, sometimes called chaining.

Question 5

Chaining (Definition):

Answer 5

Linking sub-routines, or parts of a task, together in order when practising. The first two parts are learned, then the third part is added; that part is learned and added to the first two, and so on.

Question 6

Massed practise (Definition):

Answer 6

Practise with no rest intervals.

Question 7

Distributed practise (Definition):

Answer 7

Practise involving rest intervals.

Question 8

Mental practise (Definition):

Answer 8

Going over the skill in the mind without movement.

Question 9

Varied practise (Definition):

Answer 9

Changing the practise type and the practise drills.

Question 10

Which practise method is best for a golf swing? explain why

Answer 10

Whole practise because a golf swing is a ballistic movement.

Question 11

Which method of practise is best for fast, ballistic movements?

Answer 11

Whole practise as skills are hard to break down.

Question 12

Which method of practise is best used for high organisation skills?

Answer 12

Whole practise as the skills cannot be broken down.

Question 13

What are the advantages of whole practise?

Answer 13

• Kinaesthesis is developed for the whole skill.
• Developed motor programmes.
• Most realistic practise to translate into a real game.
• Develops consistency.

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of whole practise?

Answer 14

• Can overwhelm cognitive performers.
• Possibility of fatigue.
• Too much cognitive processing involved.

Question 15

How is whole-part-whole practise carried out?

Answer 15

The performer has an attempt at the whole skill to get an initial feel for the movement. Then each part of the task is practised individually or specific weaknesses are highlighted and practised. Then the whole skill is done again.

Question 16

When is the whole-part-whole method best utilised?

Answer 16

When a beginner is learning a complex skill and may need to concentrate on one part of the skill to get it right before progressing.

Question 17

Which practise type is useful for a beginner trying to learn a complex skill?

Answer 17

Whole-part-whole.

Question 18

What are the advantages of whole-part-whole practise?

Answer 18

• Provides motivation when success is achieved;
• Provides immediate feedback;
• Integrates sub-routines into the whole action;
• Maintains fluency and corrects errors at the same time.

Question 19

What are the disadvantages of whole-part-whole practise?

Answer 19

• May produce negative transfer effects unless integration occurs in the same session.
• Time consuming process.

Question 20

During whole-part-whole practise, what may happen if the performer run out of time and could not finish their session (whole-part only)?

Answer 20

It may produce negative transfer effects due to isolation of the parts.

Question 21

A dance routine would be learnt through which practise type?

Answer 21

Progressive part, chaining all the parts together after learning them.

Question 22

Which practise type is often referred to as ‘chaining’?

Answer 22

Progressive part practise.

Question 23

How does progressive part practise work?

Answer 23

The first part of the skill is taught and then the rest of the parts are added in sequence.

Question 24

Which method of practise is best for serial skills? explain why

Answer 24

Progressive part practise because each of the discrete skills can be learnt separately and chained together.

Question 25

Which method of practise is best for low organisation skills? explain why

Answer 25

Progressive part as the skills can easily be broken down into sub-routines that can be practised progressively.

Question 26

What are the advantages of progressive part practise?

Answer 26

• Allows focus on one aspect of the task and can correct potential weaknesses;
• Reduces the aspect of fatigue;
• Increases motivation when success is achieved.

Question 27

What are the disadvantages of progressive part practise?

Answer 27

• Very time-consuming;
• Danger of negative transfer;
• Can be too labour intensive for some performers.

Question 28

Which practise type is good for reducing fatigue (especially for novice performers)?

Answer 28

Progressive part practice.

Question 29

Which practise type is most time efficient?

Answer 29

Whole practise.

Question 30

For which practise type is there a danger of negative transfer occurring?

Answer 30

Both whole-part-whole and progressive part.

Question 31

Who should use whole practise?

Answer 31

Experts who can cope with the demands of the whole skill.

Question 32

Who should us whole-part-whole practise?

Answer 32

Mainly beginners but can be used for elite performers.

Question 33

Who should use progressive part practise?

Answer 33

Beginners.