Learning theories: Operant conditioning Flashcards
Operant conditioning (Definition:)
The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated.
Who created the famous experiment demonstrating operant conditioning?
B.F Skinner - Created the Skinner’s box experiment.
What approach of psychology does this theory belong to?
The behaviourist approach.
What key features characterise operant condtioning?
- Based on trial and error;
- Shapes behaviours;
- Manipulate the environment.
What was Skinner’s box and what happened in it?
An experiment where rats were in a cage that was modified to have a mechanism that dispensed food, the rats learnt to activate the box and get the reward faster and faster each time.
How is operant conditioning learnt?
Through trial and error, if the response is correct they are more likely to repeat it and if it is incorrect they are motivated to change it.
For what is operant conditioning commonly used?
For teaching motor skills and movements.
What can a coach do to accelerate the trial and error process?
Punishment.
How can incorrect actions be weakened?
Negative reinforcement, praise is withdrawn on failure.
Punishment, used carefully to avoid loss of confidence.
What can occur if punishment is used too often?
A loss of confidence and motivation.
What is an S-R bond?
Stimulus-Response bond, the relationship between the two and the response brought about for specific stimulus.
Positive reinforcement (Definition:)
A pleasant stimulus after the correct response was made.
What is being done when a young swimmer receives a certificate for swimming a 25 metre length unassisted?
Positive reinforcement as they are motivated.
What strategies are used to strengthen the S-R bond?
- Positive reinforcement;
- Allowing early success;
- Mental rehearsal;
- Whole practise.
How can a coach allow early success and give an example with swimming:
Set achievable targets for a young performer such as certificates for one length of unassisted swimming.
