Methods and Strategies of Teaching Flashcards
It includes (1) Effective learning begins with the setting of clear and high expectations and learning outcomes; (2) Learning is an active process; (3) Learning is the discovery of personal meaning and relevance ideas; and (4) Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process
Principles of Learning
The Principles of Learning
- Effective learning begins with the setting of clear and high expectations and learning outcomes
- Learning is an active process
- Learning is the discovery of personal meaning and relevant ideas
- Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process
The 3 Major Laws of Edward Thorndike
- Law of Readiness
- Law of Exercise
- Law of Effect
The Four (4) Secondary Laws Of Thorndike
- Law of Primacy
- Law of Recency
- Law of Intensity
- Law of Contiguity
The teacher should should involve his/her students in planning the instructional objective before starting a lesson because With shared objectives, they become _______________
self-motivated
It states that things most recently learned are best remembered. The further a learner is removed in time from a new fact or understanding, the more difficult it is to remember
Law of Recency
It states that immediate, exciting, or dramatic learning connected to a real situation teaches a learner more than a routine or boring experience
Law of Intensity
According to this law, the state of being first, often creates a strong, almost unshakable impression and underlies the reason an instructor must teach correctly the first time and the student must learn correctly the first time
Law of Primacy
A law stating that if two ideas occur together, then the recollection of one will likely stimulate recall of the other
Law of Contiguity
According to this law, the basic needs of the learner must be satisfied before he or she is ready or capable of learning. Example of this is using drills inside the classroom
Law of Readiness
According to this law, connections are strengthened with practice and weakened when practice is discontinued, which reflects the adage “use it or lose it”
Law of Exercise
A law responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce
Law of Effect
A ___________ approach to teaching language starts by giving learners rules, then examples, then practice. It is a teacher-centered approach to presenting new content
deductive
An example of this approach is the form and use of the third conditional is explained to learners, then they have a gap-fill exercise to complete, then prepare their own examples
Deductive Approach
The ____________ teaching approach is a student-led approach to teaching. In this approach in teaching, teachers provide learners with examples and allow them to arrive at their own conclusions
inductive
It is the approach that believes in the rights of students and teachers to work in a safe, calm, and professional environment. These rights must be enforced by an assertive but calm teacher who enforces order and structure within the classroom
Assertive Approach
This approach is linked to the teacher who enforces various classroom activities to keep the students busy
Business Academic Approach
It includes a series of teacher-implemented activities and actions aimed at improving classroom behavior. Encouraged behaviors might include staying seated, requesting permission to talk, remaining on task, proper care of classroom books and tools, and treating other students with respect
Behavioral Modification
This approach involves responding immediately to group student behavior that might be undesirable in order to prevent problems rather than having to deal with them after they come up
Group Managerial Approach
It involves manipulating or changing the surface behavior of the student on a group basis. Discipline and classroom control are produce through the group atmosphere and enhanced through group rapport
Group Guidance
It is based on the assumption that when students are given such acceptance by the teacher and peers, behavior and achievement improve. This approach is rooted in humanistic psychology and maintains that every person has a prime need for acceptance
Acceptance Approach
This approach is when students feel a greater sense of belonging, they’re more likely to be academically engaged and demonstrate positive behavior
Success Approach
The teacher’s awareness of what is going on in the classroom is called _________________
Withitness
It is when the teacher shows that they have control of the classroom by being able to do more than one thing at a time. By doing more than one thing at a time, it shows the teacher “has it”
Overlapping
Teacher ends an activity or stops discussing a topic before it is completed is called ____________
Dangling
__________ is when the teacher burst into activities without assessing readiness and gives statements or questions that confuse students
Thrust
It reduces the physical distance between herself and a student as a way to remind that student of behavioral expectation
Proximity Control
_____________ is when the teacher can have students make hand gestures, that will tell the teacher whether the student has a comment or question concerning the lesson. This technique allows the teacher to have an idea about those students who may cause an unwanted tangent and those who may have a good question, pertaining to utilize the time effectively
Smoothness
A nonverbal intervention that communicates that a behavior is not appropriate. It is helpful during instruction, because it lets the student who is misbehaving know that their behavior is not ok, yet it does not cause distraction to the rest of the class
Signal Interference
_________________ is mostly teacher directed. With this tool, the teacher is imploring legitimate authority by telling the student he or she is boss and expects certain behavior. There is really no student voice, but the teacher laying down the law to enforce rules/behaviors
Direct Appeal
Refers to when the teacher removes any object that distracts students’ attention
Removal of Seductive Object
In essence a student is removed, temporarily, from a situation where it is likely that he/she will become a disruptive influence. This technique is called ________________________
Antiseptic Bouncing
Set and clarify your rules and expectations on Day One is a good __________ Management Practice
Proactive
The teacher should arrange the chairs, tables and other physical features properly for flexible seating in order to facilitate _______________ teaching-learning processes during class activities
interactive
Thorndike’s Law of Effect states that a connection between stimulus and response is strengthened when the consequences is ___________
positive
Learning is maximized if feelings and thoughts are in harmony is one of the Principles of Learning that states that learning is ____________ as well as ______________
emotional, intellectual
This is used when the large number of topics are given in a limited time and if the concepts are new
Lecture Method
This is used when the materials are limited and too risky to be used
Demonstration Method
Discovery method is also known as ________________________
Constructive Method
This method provides students with opportunities to engage in processes of investigation and inquiry which is believed to enhance quality education
Laboratory Method
A teaching method in which complex real-world problems are used as the vehicle to promote student learning of concepts and principles as opposed to direct presentation of facts and concepts
Problem-based Method
In this method, the teacher is completely in charge and guides the lesson. He/she is also in charge of the discussion and asks questions by calling on students for answers
Expository Method
A process by which you ask questions and help the students find their own answers. It is an alternative to direct instruction, where you are supplying the answers
Exploratory Method
A group discussion to produce ideas or solve problems and to enhance creativity of the child
Brainstorming
This method deals with learning where students are assigned roles and participation by the teacher. Groups are organized heterogeneously; each member gets a specific task that fits into a larger whole. Using this approach gives students the opportunity to provide support to each other, helping them acquire the important collaborative skills they’ll need to bring in the workforce
Cooperative Method
_______________ is when the teacher actually spends in the classroom giving instruction by various means
Teaching time
It is the best choice if a teacher would like to focus on attitudinal change
Role Play
The ultimate aim of classroom management
To set up condition that brings about effective teaching and learning
If students are reading English Text, ____________ is the best technique that would help them to activate their prior knowledge
KWL Chart
This method focuses on closing the gap between what is and what might be
Reflective Method
It is composed of five members and below
Buzz Session
A _______________ involves a brief period of direct instruction and teacher demonstration, but it also incorporates immediate opportunities for students to immerse themselves in the skill or concept being taught
mini lesson
This is is used to know how it feels like in the actual scenario
Simulation Method
It includes a range of approaches in which learners work in pairs or small groups to provide each other with explicit teaching support
Peer Tutoring
It is a meeting, or medium where ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged
Forum
An occasion at which people who have great knowledge of a particular subject meet in order to discuss a matter of interest
Symposium
A specific format used in a meeting, conference, or convention. It is a live, in-person or virtual discussion about a specific topic amongst a selected group of experts who share differing perspectives in front of an audience
Panel Discussion
These are closed questions which can be answered with one or two words, generally just “yes” or “no.” They are good at establishing facts and forcing choices
Convergent Questions
___________________________ are open questions cannot be answered with simple “yes” or “no” answers
Divergent Questions
It is designed to encourage deep thought about a specific topic. They are typically open-ended questions, meaning the answers are primarily subjective. These questions are intended to promote critical thinking as well as to get the person asked to explore their personal thoughts and feelings about a particular subject
Probing
_______________ forces you to expand your thinking and fully explore an issue before drawing conclusions
Prompting
Examples of this include 3 seconds for a lower-order question and as much as 10 seconds or more for a higher-order question. This encourages students to extend their answers
Wait Time
It is helpful information or criticism about prior action or behavior from an individual, communicated to another individual (or a group) who can use that information to adjust and improve current and future actions and behaviors
Feedback
When we meet someone, and the first impression of him is very positive, then we tend to ignore the negative characteristics in the person and concentrate only on the positive characteristics. It is called _______________
Halo Effect
If our first impression about a person is negative, we tend to ignore his positive characteristics and concentrate only on the negative ones. We tend to see the person in the light of the negative first impression and hence there is higher probability that we will not like the person is called ________________
Horn Error
A type of question will least promote interaction among students
Conceptual Question
It is the phenomenon where raters assign scores to most subjects that are average regardless of the differences in performance between subjects. A rater can be someone who is judging a performance or skill
Central Tendency
_____________________ is often called “Favoritism.” Teachers are said to favor certain students over others at school and especially in their classes
Generosity error
This refers to the increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by the teacher
Hawthorne Effect
__________________ is called the “Pygmalion effect.” If teachers were led to expect enhanced performance from some children, then the children did indeed show that enhancement
Rosenthal Effect
For meaningful teaching and learning, it is best to connect the lesson to the life of students by integrating a relevant value in the lesson. The Principles of Learning being applied is ______________________________________________
Lesson Objectives must integrate 2 or 3 domains
A question is raised by one student. You don’t answer it but throw back the question to the class. This reacting behavior is called _______________ questions to other pupils
redirecting
Provided a _______________________ is when the teacher get a partially correct answer from the students then handled the response “Yes but a part needs improvement”
corrective feedback
To obtain well thought out answers, the questioning behavior that helps is allowing ____________
Wait time
Use _____________ and ________________ questions to develop the students’ critical thinking skills
Divergent and Open-ended
Let students learn the steps in opening a computer by making them follow the steps. This principles of learning is called _______________________________
Learning is an Active Process
Good teaching goes beyond recall of information. So the role of the teacher is to _______________________________________________________________________________
make the students connect facts learned to form concepts and abstractions
Learning is ______________ when the teacher asks the class to show application of what they learned to their daily life
meaningful
____________________ is when you begin teaching with concrete example then come in with conclusion
Inductive method
Which is more interactive, inductive method or deductive method?
Inductive Method
A type of review which presents the sum total of all activities previously presented
Cumulative
This method is also known as “Inquiry based.” Creating problems and finding the solutions
Problem-based Method
Thematic approach is used for ______________ purposes
integrative
In the instructional process as the teacher completes the instruction of the lesson, ___________________ serves as the basis of new lesson
new information
Examples of __________________________ are teaching facilitated, high student involvement, and inquiry teaching
Exploratory strategies
Important factors to be considered in the choice of the best method to be employed
Nature of learners, aims and objectives of the lesson, and available materials in the community
_____________________________________ of teachers may cause a poor classroom instruction
Substandard teaching competence
This approach uses a variety of techniques (rewards, reinforcement) to sustain interest and effective learning
Behavior Modification Approach
A tool to foster creativity of the students
Brainstorming
The higher the level of the questions the _________ the wait time
longer
A technique to assess the class’s knowledge on the lesson before you proceed
Reaction Guide
It is presented wherein the learner meets the learning experience through understanding analysis and generalizations of facts presented
Development Lesson
________ help the students to have mastery learning of a basic topic
Drills
He is the proponent of the Insight Learning Theory
Wolfgang Köhler
They are the authors of the Information Processing Theory
Atkinson and Shiffrin
It is arriving to a main concept from specific topic
Inductive Reasoning
Attending to every situation as it comes, hoping to meet it as it comes without much foresight and preparation is called _____________________________________
Reactive Classroom Management.
Group guidance was developed by _____________ and is based on altering the behavior of individuals and groups
Fritz Redl
