Building and Enhaning New Literacies Across the Curriculum Flashcards
It pertains to the differences in culture, tradition, sex, or beliefs
Diversity
It means knowing and understanding a particular topic
Literacy
It pertains to knowing how to interact with others and how they feel and think
Social Literacy
It pertains to one’s knowledge regarding the traditions and beliefs of different cultures
Cultural Literacy
It pertains to knowing how to act (examples: dress, knowing the DOs and DONTs) in places with different cultures
Socio-cultural Literacy
It means having understanding and acceptance of the diversity and similarities of different cultures
Multicultural Literacy
They are the group of countries working hand in hand in maintaining peace and avoiding wars
The United Nations or UN
It is a special branch of the UN that focuses on educating students of the diversity and similarities of different countries so as to avoid conflicts
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
The UNESCO was created on ____________________
November 16, 1945
The UNESCO currently has _____ members and _____ associate members
193, 11
Members meet _________________ to talk about issues and innovations with regards the alliance
every 2 years
He presented the 4 pillars of learning needed for harmony and understanding in his book, Learning : The Treasure Within : Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century
Jacques Delors
Learning to Know, Learning to Do, Learning to Be, and Learning to Live Together are…
the 4 pillars of learning
The original 4 pillars of learning are:
- Learning to Know
- Learning to Do
- Learning to Be
- Learning to Live Together
At present, the pillar added to the 4 pillars of learning is ________________________
Learning to Transform
It involves gaining knowledge
Learning to Know
Examples of Learning to Know are…
reading books and magazines
The end result or aim of Learning to Know
Comprehension
It involves applying knowledge gained
Learning to Do
An example of Learning to Do is…
executing what you read from books and magazines
The end result or aim of Learning to Do is
Competence
It means developing the whole aspect of a person
Learning to Be
An example Learning to Be is…
attending personality development to improve one’s perception in life
The end result or aim of Learning to Be
Holistic Development
It involves one’s relationship with other people
Learning to Live Together
_______________________ and similarities are included in Learning to Live Together
Respect for diversities
An example of Learning to Live Together is…
working hand in hand in solving a community problem
Another example of Learning to Live Together
Avoiding wars through negotiations and understanding
The end result or aim of Learning to Live Together
Harmony through communication
The newest pillar
Learning to Transform
It involves changing one’s bad habits and perspectives to sustain the future generation
Learning to Transform
An example of Learning to Transform is…
to stop or minimize using disposable plastics to prevent too much plastic garbage in the future
Each pillar of learning is ____________. If one is removed, the foundation of harmony through education may weaken or crumble
important
They define curriculum as a set of subjects and courses
Traditionalists
They define curriculum as everything that involves teaching and learning
Progressivists
Just as the society changes, ______________________________________. Thus the need for ________________.
the curriculum should also change, new literacies
Learning and innovation; life and career; information, media, and technology; and effective communication are _______________________ that expected to be taughy in schools and learned by the students
21st century literacies
It involves flexibility, initiative, social skills, and productivity
Life and Career
It involves creativity, curiosity, crirical thinking, problem-solving, and risk-taking
Learning and Innovation
It involves visual and information literacies, media literacies, and global literacies
Information, Media, and Technology
Involves local-, national-, and global-orientedness
Effective Communication
Means thinking outside of the box as compared to typical ideas
Creativity
Means a strong desire to obtain knowledge
Curiosity
It involves analysis of a specific idea to form a judgement
Critical Thinking
It means thinking of ways to find a solution for issues
Problem-solving
It means making a move even without assurance of success
Risk taking
It means being able to adapt in changing situations
Flexibility
Pertains to acting or taking charge before others do
Initiative
Includes forming a bond with others and maintaining this relationship
Social Skills
Pertains to one’s effectiveness in completing tasks at a given period of time
Productivity
Involves understanding, evaluating, and using visual media
Visual and Information Literacies
It means knowing how to use different media and knowing the different etiquettes
Media Literacy
Being able to _______________________________ is also under media literacy
identify the accuracy of media contents
Using different media for ____________________ (examples: for meeting, presentation, and searching) is another example of media literacy
specific causes
Pertains to acceptable behavior in the presence of specific people or in a certain place
Etiquette
A set of rules of appropriate online behaviors
Netiquette
It pertains to knowing and understanding your own local culture
Local-orientedness
Means beyond cognition and thinking about thinking
Metacognition
It pertains to one’s knowledge about the overall culture of one’s country including the different local cultures inside it
National-orientedness
It pertains to knowing and understanding the different cultures all over the world, across different nations
Global-orientedness
The Father of Metacognition
John Flavell
The Three Metacognition Variables
- Person
- Task
- Strategy
It pertains to one’s learning styles such as preferred study time, medium, and environment
Person variable
Pertains to difficulty of task at hand and how long one may accomplish it
Task variable
Pertains to techniques used by individuals to achieve their goals
Strategy variable
It is the strategies formulated in gaining knowledge
Cognitive Framework
The cognitive framework was developed by
Clare Weinstein and Richard Mayer
Weinstein and Mayer’s cognitive framework is composed of how many strategies?
Eight (8) strategies
What are the eight strategies of cognitive framework according to Weinstein and Mayer?
- Basic Rehearsal
- Complex Rehearsal
- Basic Elaboration
- Complex Elaboration
- Basic Organization
- Complex Organization
- Comprehension Monitoring
- Affective
It is about repetitions and drills in order to remember information
Basic Rehearsal
It is about selecting relaxants information
Complex Rehearsal
It is about relating one concept to another
Basic Elaboration
It is about relating old and new information
Complex Elaboration
It is about categorizing newly acquired knowledge into existing mental groups
Basic Organization
It is about ranking information according to their importance or relevance
Complex Organization
It is checking on one’s progress as to whether they are still learning or not
Comprehension Monitoring
It is being alert, relaxed, and composed even with difficult situations
Affective
He formulated the cognitive structure which helps classify forms of knowledge
Charles Letteri
Letteri’s cognitive structure is composed of how many strategies?
Seven (7) strategies
What are the seven forms of knowledge according to Letteri?
- Analysis
- Focusing
- Comparative Analysis
- Narrowing
- Complex Cognitive
- Sharpening
- Tolerance
It is the breaking down of information (example: from general to specific)
Analysis
It is the ability to select important information without getting distracted by other information; also called concentration
Focusing
It is the ability to select the best choice from different alternative
Comparative Analysis
It is the ability to categorize new information
Narrowing
It is the ability to relate new information from old information
Complex Cognitive
It is the ability to determine the distinction in order to avoid overlaps
Sharpening
It is the ability to avoid getting frustrated when faced with ambiguous ideas
Tolerance
After years of classroom observation, they categorized styles of learning unique to each learning
Rita and Kenneth Dunn (Dunn and Dunn)
________________________________ can be categorized into five factors, namely, environmental, emotional, sociological, physiological, and psychological
Dunn and Dunn’s Learning Styles
The five factors of Dunn and Dunn’s Learning Styles
- Environmental
- Emotional
- Sociological
- Physiological
- Psychological
It includes one’s preference of sound, light, temperature, and seating while studying
Environmental Factors
It includes one’s motivation, conformity, persistence, and structure
Emotional Factors
It includes self, pair, peer, or team learning
Sociological Factors
Includes one’s perception, intake, preferred time of the day, and mobility while studying
Physiological Factors
It can be categorized to whether the learner is an analytic or global learner and reflective or impulsive learner
Psychological Factors
These learners like to plan their work, focus on details rather than the whole picture, and prefer to work individually during activities
Analytic Learners
Analytic learners are said to be…
“fond at looking at the trees than the forest”
These learners are spontaneous and intuitive, fond of colors and spaces, and prefer to work with others rather than alone
Global Learners
Global learners are said to be…
“fond of looking at the forest than the trees”
These learners are systematic and slower in decision making because they like to weigh and understand options more in order to have a calculated decision
Reflective Thinkers
These learners are quick decision makers and like to gamble on things that are still unknown
Impulsive Thinkers
He studies drawing patterns and stages and categorized them into four stages
Viktor Lowenfeld
The four stages of drawing patterns according to Lowenfeld
- Scribbling
- Pre-schematic
- Schematic
- Gang Stage
This stage occurs at 2 years old and below where lines are disordered and cannot be understood. No patterns can be seen
Scribbling
This stage occurs from3 to 4 years old where first conscious forms are made and drawing are slightly recognizable
Pre-schematic
This stage occurs between 5 to 7 years old where order in space relationship can be seen and drawings/patterns are recognizable
Schematic
This stage occurs when a child is 8 years and beyond where drawings portray realism with regards line, space, and details
Gang Stage
_______________ and empiricists believe that learners are blank slates and can be filled up through senses and stimuli from the environment
Behaviorists
Famous behaviorist theories are…
- Classical Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
- Social Learning Theory
- Connectionism Theory
It pertains to one’s learned behavior after a series of association between two or more stimuli
Classical Conditioning
The proponents of Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov and John Watson
Pertains to rewards and punishments and how they weaken or strengthen one’s behavior
Operant Conditioning
The proponent of Operant Conditioning
Burrhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner
It pertains to one’s copied behavior from models such as parents, peers, and even from the media
Social Learning Theory
The proponent of the Social Learning Theory who used bobo dolls in his experiment
Albert Bandura
It tells us associations or connections between stimuli and responses wherein through trial and error, animals identify the consequence
Connectionism Theory
The proponent of the Connectionism Theory
Edward Thorndike
They believe that learners make their own knowledge through experiences which build up as they interact with the world
Constructivists
Famous constructivist theories include…
- Social Constructivism
- Cognitive Constructivism
They believe that learners acquire knowledge through the assistance of a more knowledgeable other (MKO)
Social constructivists
The assistance given by the MKO is called…
Scaffolding
Scaffolding happens within the ____________________________________
Zone of Proximal Development
The process in scaffolding where assistance is removed as child becomes independent
fading out
They aim that though the Zone of Proximal Development, learners will step up from actual development to their potential development
Social constructivists
These are things that the learner can do independently
Actual Development
Refers to the things that learners cannot do alone
Potential Development
The proponent of Social Constructivism
Lev Vygotsky
They believe that learners make knowledge based on their existing cognitive structures. Teachers just give them little information and let them explore, expanding and deepening that information
Cognitive Constructivists
The proponent of Cognitive Constructivism
Jerome Bruner