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Review: LET (Professional Education) > Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles > Flashcards

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles Flashcards

1
Q

The transition period from infancy to puberty

A

Childhood

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2
Q

The period of transition from childhood to adulthood

A

Adolescence

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3
Q

A person over the age of 18 but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition are classified as a ________ under the Republic Act 7610

A

child

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4
Q

_________ is the quantitative attribute of an individual such as their height and weight

A

Growth

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5
Q

______________ involves both qualitative and quantitative progression and decline of an individual’s biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional attributes

A

Development

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6
Q

Development results from ___________ and _______________

A

maturity, experiences

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7
Q

He developed the concept of developmental tasks

A

Robert Havighurst

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8
Q

Learning to take solid food is an example of __________ developmental task

A

infant’s

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9
Q

Learning to take control of the elimination of body wastes is an example of a developmental task of an individual under ______________________

A

early childhood

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10
Q

Acquiring a masculine or feminine social role is a developmental task of _______________

A

adolescents

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11
Q

It is referred to as a “critical period” in personality development because at this time, the foundations are laid upon which the adult personality structure will be built

A

Babyhood

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12
Q

“Men are built not born,” this quotation by John Watson states the effect of ____________________________ on a person’s development

A

environmental stimulation

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13
Q

The ______________________ supports the notion, “children will develop best if they are left free as possible”

A

Theory of Freedom

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14
Q

Uncontrolled sudden movement of infants is called ____________

A

reflex

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15
Q

_____________________ allows infants to drink milk and is triggered by a touch on the mouth’s roof

A

Sucking reflex

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16
Q

When infants attempt to search for mother’s milk, they will turn their heads towards their mother’s chest. This reflex is called _________________

A

rooting reflex

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17
Q

____________________ is the infant’s response to sudden and loud sounds

A

Moro or startle reflex

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18
Q

Development proceeds from ______________________ as evidenced by the ability of the newborn infant to move his whole body instead of moving only a part of it

A

general to specific

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19
Q

___________________ allows baby to turn his head away from something that blocks his or her airflow

A

Head turning reflex

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20
Q

It is one of an infant’s innate reflexes that resembles fencing pose

A

Tonic Neck Reflex

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21
Q

It is the brain’s ability to change from experience

A

Plasticity

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22
Q

The degradation of nerve cells that slows down the information processing of the brain is known as _____________.

A

Pruning

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23
Q

By the age of 12-18 months, babies can…

A

keep and recall information from their memory

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24
Q

It is the nutritional status of women during pregnancy and lactation which directly affects the child’s health and development

A

Maternal Nutrition

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25
Q

It is the child’s state of nutritional balance is crucial in his early developmental age

A

Child Nutrition

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26
Q

When a person begins to acquire language by learning or mimicry, he or she is undergoing ___________________________

A

language development

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27
Q

Children learn their first language ______________________________ from parents or caretakers

A

without conscious instruction

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28
Q

Two Classifications of Bilingual Language Acquisition

A
  1. Simultaneous Bilingualism
  2. Sequential Bilingualism
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29
Q

____________________________ occurs when a child acquires two languages at the
same time.

A

Simultaneous Bilingualism

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30
Q

________________________ occurs when a child learns his second language by drawing out knowledge and experience of the first language

A

Sequential Bilingualism

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31
Q

It is the loss of the ability to produce and understand language due to brain injury

A

Aphasia

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32
Q

Children with _____________ often find reading and spelling to be very difficult tasks

A

Dyslexia

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33
Q

The first-substage known as the ______________________ includes sucking and gripping reflexes

A

reflex schema stage

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34
Q

Second sub-stage is known as a ____________________________ involves the development of a child’s habit

A

primary circular reaction

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35
Q

It is exhibited by the child who believes in something without knowing why he believes it

A

Intuitive Thought

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36
Q

Treating inanimate objects as if they are alive is known as ___________

A

Animism

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37
Q

It is the inability of the child to take the point of view of others

A

Ego-centrism

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38
Q

When a learner focuses only on one aspect of a stimulus while disregarding other details, he is exhibiting _____________

A

centration

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39
Q

When a child is able to arrange things according to its physical attributes such as size, color, and shape, he is displaying ___________

A

seriation

40
Q

A learner who can process his response to “what if’ situations is applying hypothetical reasoning, proving he has reached the ____________________ period

A

formal operational

41
Q

In Piaget’s _____________________ stage, the child cannot imagine the steps necessary to complete an algebraic equation

A

concrete operational

42
Q

The inter-relationship of language development and cognitive process is an idea derived from __________________________________

A

Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural Theory

43
Q

_____________________________ puts emphasis on the importance of a mentor in a child’s development and achievement

A

Zone of Proximal Development

44
Q

It is someone more advanced than the child who can guide the child in order to reach his or her potential level

A

More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)

45
Q

It is the assistance given by the MKO to help and guide the learners in reaching their potential levels

A

Scaffolding

46
Q

In Erickson’s theory, ____________ vs. _______________ is the unresolved crisis of an adult who has difficulty establishing a secure, mutual relationship with a life partner

A

Intimacy, Isolation

47
Q

_______________ is process of bringing back the stored information from the long-term memory to the short-term memory

A

Retrieval

48
Q

The correct sequence of information processing begins from _________________ to ______________________ and eventually be stored in the ____________________

A

sensory register, Short-term Memory, Long-term memory

49
Q

To remember the six digits, 8, 4, 3, 9, 4, 5, the Math teacher grouped the numbers in two’s 84, 39, 45 or in threes 843, 945. This method is also known as _______________

A

chunking

50
Q

An IQ score of 70 and below is an indicator of an ____________________

A

intellectual disability

51
Q

When new or old information blocks or hinders an individual to access the information he needs, this is called _________________

A

interference

52
Q

When a learner breaks up learning sessions rather than cramming information all at once, he is using the ______________________________ as a learning strategy

A

distributed practice method

53
Q

According to Bronfenbrenner, __________________contains structures that have direct contact with the child

A

microsystem

54
Q

In performing the minuet, first raise your heel, second make three steps forward, third step make a point. This demonstrates the _________________________

A

procedural knowledge

55
Q

An individual who has reached the ___________________ should take a rest in order to recover

A

“learning plateau”

56
Q

It is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior, all exhibited before a child is three years old

A

Autism

57
Q

When a child has an IQ score of 90, he is _______________________

A

averagely intelligent

58
Q

Three (3) Modeling Stimuli according to Bandura

A
  1. Live models
  2. Symbolic models
  3. Verbal descriptions or instructions
59
Q

Learning from other’s experiences is called ________________________

A

vicarious learning

60
Q

“Identical twins are more alike than fraternal twins.” This statement is supported by the principle: __________ has a part in determining intelligence and characteristics

A

heredity

61
Q

It is often experienced by preschool children when they are separated with people whom they have a strong personal bond

A

Separation Anxiety

62
Q

When one is asked to develop himself to the fullest, he is trying to satisfy the need for __________________ according to Maslow

A

self-actualization

63
Q

A child who always fights with his/her classmates who has a very short attention span, and who has frequent tantrums is believed to be suffering from _______________________________________

A

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

64
Q

The developmental pattern that proceeds from head downward is called _________________

A

Cephalocaudal

65
Q

Human development includes both __________ and __________

A

growth, decline

66
Q

Teacher X believes that learning and development does not end in adulthood. He is applying the __________ approach

A

life-span

67
Q

The Three (3) Goals of Human Development

A
  1. Growth
  2. Maintenance
  3. Regulation
68
Q

The 14 Learner-Centered Principles are divided into four factors influencing learners and learning:

A
  1. Cognitive and metacognitive
  2. Motivational and affective
  3. Developmental and social
  4. Individual differences
69
Q

___________________________________________ constructed the Learner-Centered Psychological Principles (LCP)

A

The American Psychological Association

70
Q

It is an enjoyable method of learning that fosters self-regulation, social skills. and cognitive competencies

A

Play

71
Q

___________ connections are established during early childhood

A

Neural

72
Q

_________________ allows educators to integrate learning by utilizing the child’s interest

A

Guided play

73
Q

Factors affecting growth and development:

A

Genetics/heredity, temperament, environment, and nutrition

74
Q

It describes an ability to manage the emotion of one’s self, of others, and of groups

A

Emotional intelligence (EQ)

75
Q

According to Goleman, the ability to inspire, influence and develop others while managing conflicts is called ______________________________

A

relationship management

76
Q

When teacher X is controlling his anger towards the class, he is practicing ___________________ according to Goleman’s theory of emotional quotient (EQ)

A

self- management

77
Q

The type of play that is most characteristic of a four to six-year old child are ________________ and ________________ plays

A

Associative and Cooperative

78
Q

Parenting styles influences children’s development. Telling her children, “You should do it my way or else. There is no discussion.” - is an example of an _______________ parent

A

authoritarian

79
Q

Maria has inherent skills in taking care of plants. It is highly possible that she has _____________ intelligence

A

naturalistic

80
Q

A student collapsed in her English class. It was found out that she did not eat her lunch. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the student failed to attend to her _______________ needs

A

physiological

81
Q

Contrary to Freud’s concept that the primary motivation of human behavior is sexual in nature, Erikson’s theory is ________ in nature

A

social

82
Q

A sixty-seven-year old individual has been observing changes in him such as the aging process. This exhibits the concept of _______________

A

maturation

83
Q

_________________ is defined by the decision of conscience in accordance with self- chosen actions. This corresponds to Kohlberg’s ____________________ or _____________ level of moral development

A

Right action, post-conventional, principal

84
Q

Piaget’s _________________________ is being exhibited by a learner who views that the disobedience of rules will consequently cause one to be punished gravely

A

heteronomous mortality

85
Q

In Piaget’s _____________________ is the moral reasoning of a person who tries to comprehend the intention of the action first, before giving conclusions

A

autonomous morality

86
Q

The interaction of the child’s microsystems

A

Mesosystem

87
Q

The ____________ incorporates the morals and values of society

A

superego

88
Q

Multiple intelligences can be used to explain children’s reading performances. The ______________ intelligent group tends to be good readers

A

linguistically

89
Q

Elisa who is in between 9 and 11 years of age are most likely to demonstrate moral reasoning at the ____________________ stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

A

post-conventional

90
Q

The _______________ is composed of the children’s cultural patterns and values

A

macrosystem

91
Q

“When more senses are stimulated, teaching and learning become more effective.” The use of ___________________ is an application of this principle

A

multisensory aids

92
Q

Research established that complete coordination of motor activities is attained at __________________

A

childhood stage

93
Q

The way a child talks and walks manifest gestures that have been learned from models he had been exposed to. This explains the _________________

A

social influence

94
Q

Laughing at two-year old child who uttered a bad word is not a proper thing to do because in this stage, the child is _______________________________

A

distinguishing right from wrong

95
Q

A boy is closer to his mother and a girl is close to her father. These instances are under _____________

A

phallic stage

96
Q

The essence of Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences is explained by the learning principle,

A

“Intelligence is not measured in one form”

Review: LET (Professional Education) (12 decks)

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