Metabolism in bacteria

Question 1

Uses carbon dioxide as the sole source of carbon, with only water and inorganic salts required in addition.

Answer 1

Autotrophs

Question 2

Requires an organic source of carbon, such as glucose, and obtain energy by oxidizing or fermenting organic substances.

Answer 2

Heterotrophs

Question 3

For making cellular constituents.

[sources]

Answer 3

source of carbon.

Question 4

For making proteins.

[sources]

Answer 4

source of nitrogen.

Question 5

Adenosine triphosphate [ATP], for performing cellular functions.

[sources]

Answer 5

source of energy

Question 6

Forms part of the structure of several coenzymes and is found in the cysteinyl and methionyl side chains of proteins.

Answer 6

Sulfur

Question 7

It is always assimilated as free inorganic phosphate (Pi).

Answer 7

Phosphate

Question 8

It is a consequence of growth.

Answer 8

Cell multiplication

Question 9

Time required for one cell to divide into two cells is called.

Answer 9

generation time or doubling time

Question 10

Four phase of Growth.

Answer 10

1. lag phase
2. log phase
3. stationary phase
4. death phase

Question 11

Bacteria are preparing to divide and adapt to their new environment.

[phase]

Answer 11

Lag phase

Question 12

Bacteria numbers increase logarithmically.

[phase]

Answer 12

Log phase

Question 13

Nutrients are becoming limited and the numbers of bacteria remain constant.

[phase]

Answer 13

Stationary phase

Question 14

When the number of nonviable bacterial cells exceeds the number of viable cells.

[phase]

Answer 14

Death phase

Question 15

[3] Determination of cell numbers.

Answer 15

1. Direct counting under the microscope.
2. Direct plate count
3. Density measurement.

Question 16

pH: neutral

Answer 16

1. neutralophiles
2. acidophiles
3. alkaphiles

Question 17

7.0 to 7.5

[pH: neutral]

Answer 17

neuralophiles

Question 18

<6.5 to 3.0 up to 1.0

[pH: neutral]

Answer 18

acidophiles

Question 19

> 8.0 to 10.5

[pH: neutral]

Answer 19

alkaphiles

Question 20

[4] Temperatures

Answer 20

1. psychrophilic
2. mesophilic
3. thermophilic
4. hyperthermophilic

Question 21

15–20 °C

[temp]

Answer 21

psychropilic

Question 22

30–37 °C

[temp]

Answer 22

mesophilic

Question 23

50–60 °C

[temp]

Answer 23

thermophilic

Question 24

> 100 °C

[temp]

Answer 24

hyperthermophilic

Question 25

The killing of cells by rapid cooling.

Answer 25

Cold shock

Question 26

Require oxygen for growth.

Answer 26

Obligate aerobes

Question 27

Can survive in the presence of oxygen but do not use oxygen in metabolism.

Answer 27

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 28

Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 28

Obligate anaerobes

Question 29

Can grow either with or without oxygen.

Answer 29

Facultative anaerobes

Question 30

Organisms grow best when the atmosphere is enriched with extra carbon dioxide (5% to 10%).

Answer 30

Capnophilic

Question 31

Bacteria require a reduced level of oxygen to
grow.

Answer 31

Microaerophilic

Question 32

Organisms requiring high salt concentrations.

Answer 32

Halophilic

Question 33

Requiring high osmotic pressures are called?

Answer 33

Osmophilic

Question 34

During the loss of water, the cytoplasmic membrane collapses away from the cell wall, which is called?

Answer 34

Plasmolysis

Question 35

Consists of the biochemical reactions bacteria use to break down organic compounds and the reactions they use to synthesize new bacterial parts from the resulting carbon skeletons.

Answer 35

Microbial metabolism

Question 36

An efficient energy generating process in which molecular oxygen is the final electron acceptor.

Answer 36

Respiration

Question 37

They carry out aerobic respiration, in which oxygen is the final electron acceptor.

Answer 37

Obligate aerobes