Metabolism in bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Uses carbon dioxide as the sole source of carbon, with only water and inorganic salts required in addition.

A

Autotrophs

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2
Q

Requires an organic source of carbon, such as glucose, and obtain energy by oxidizing or fermenting organic substances.

A

Heterotrophs

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3
Q

For making cellular constituents.

[sources]

A

source of carbon.

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4
Q

For making proteins.

[sources]

A

source of nitrogen.

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5
Q

Adenosine triphosphate [ATP], for performing cellular functions.

[sources]

A

source of energy

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6
Q

Forms part of the structure of several coenzymes and is found in the cysteinyl and methionyl side chains of proteins.

A

Sulfur

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7
Q

It is always assimilated as free inorganic phosphate (Pi).

A

Phosphate

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8
Q

It is a consequence of growth.

A

Cell multiplication

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9
Q

Time required for one cell to divide into two cells is called.

A

generation time or doubling time

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10
Q

Four phase of Growth.

A
  1. lag phase
  2. log phase
  3. stationary phase
  4. death phase
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11
Q

Bacteria are preparing to divide and adapt to their new environment.

[phase]

A

Lag phase

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12
Q

Bacteria numbers increase logarithmically.

[phase]

A

Log phase

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13
Q

Nutrients are becoming limited and the numbers of bacteria remain constant.

[phase]

A

Stationary phase

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14
Q

When the number of nonviable bacterial cells exceeds the number of viable cells.

[phase]

A

Death phase

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15
Q

[3] Determination of cell numbers.

A
  1. Direct counting under the microscope.
  2. Direct plate count
  3. Density measurement.
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16
Q

pH: neutral

A
  1. neutralophiles
  2. acidophiles
  3. alkaphiles
17
Q

7.0 to 7.5

[pH: neutral]

A

neuralophiles

18
Q

<6.5 to 3.0 up to 1.0

[pH: neutral]

A

acidophiles

19
Q

> 8.0 to 10.5

[pH: neutral]

A

alkaphiles

20
Q

[4] Temperatures

A
  1. psychrophilic
  2. mesophilic
  3. thermophilic
  4. hyperthermophilic
21
Q

15–20 °C

[temp]

A

psychropilic

22
Q

30–37 °C

[temp]

A

mesophilic

23
Q

50–60 °C

[temp]

A

thermophilic

24
Q

> 100 °C

[temp]

A

hyperthermophilic

25
The killing of cells by rapid cooling.
Cold shock
26
Require oxygen for growth.
Obligate aerobes
27
Can survive in the presence of oxygen but do not use oxygen in metabolism.
Aerotolerant anaerobes
28
Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen.
Obligate anaerobes
29
Can grow either with or without oxygen.
Facultative anaerobes
30
Organisms grow best when the atmosphere is enriched with extra carbon dioxide (5% to 10%).
Capnophilic
31
Bacteria require a reduced level of oxygen to grow.
Microaerophilic
32
Organisms requiring high salt concentrations.
Halophilic
33
Requiring high osmotic pressures are called?
Osmophilic
34
During the loss of water, the cytoplasmic membrane collapses away from the cell wall, which is called?
Plasmolysis
35
Consists of the biochemical reactions bacteria use to break down organic compounds and the reactions they use to synthesize new bacterial parts from the resulting carbon skeletons.
Microbial metabolism
36
An efficient energy generating process in which molecular oxygen is the final electron acceptor.
Respiration
37
They carry out aerobic respiration, in which oxygen is the final electron acceptor.
Obligate aerobes