Essentials of host - Microorganisms interaction. Flashcards
Acquiring a microorganism from another human serving as the reservoir.
[transmission]
Direct transmission
Human play a substantial role as microbial reservoirs.
Microbial reservoirs
Can occur when microorganisms from individual contaminate a vehicle transmission, such as water (e.g., cholera) that is then ingested by another person.
[transmission]
Indirect transmission
When a human infection results from such an encounter with animals, it is referred to as a?
Zoonotic infection
Not only survive but also thrive and multiply; their presence is more persistent.
Resident microbiota
Pathogens, and the characteristics that enable them to cause a disease referred to as?
Virulence factors
Specifically refers the organism’s ability to cause disease.
[P,V]
Pathogenecity
It refers to the measure or degree of pathogenicity of an organism.
[P,V]
Virulence
An organism of high pathogenicity is very likely to cause?
Disease
An organism of low pathogenicity is much less likely to cause?
Infection
Organisms that cause infection when one or more of the host’s defense mechanisms are disrupted or malfunction are known as?
Opportunistic pathogens
Opportunistic pathogens infections cause referred to as?
Opportunistic infections
[6] Microbial virulence factors
- Attachment
- Invasion
- Survival against inflammation
- Survival against the immune system
- Microbial toxins
- Biofilm formation
Once surface attachment has been secured, microbial invasion into subsurface tissues and organs (i.e., infection) is accomplished by disruption of the skin and mucosal surfaces by several mechanisms (box 3-3) or by the direct action of an organism’s virulence factors.
[microbial virulence factors]
Invasion
Avoid phagocytosis by producing a large capsule that inhibits the phagocytic process.
[microbial virulence factors]
Survival against the inflammation
Toxins are biochemically active substances released by microorganisms that have a particular effect on host cells.
[microbial virulence factors]
Microbial toxins
Microorganisms typically exist as group or community organisms capable of adhering to each other or to other surfaces.
[microbial virulence factors]
Biofilm formation
Infectious processes that develop quickly are referred to as?
Acute infections
Infectious disease that develop and progress slowly, sometimes over a period of years are known as?
Chronic infections
Some pathogens, particularly certain viruses, can be clinically silent inside the body without any noticeable effect on the host before suddenly causing a severe and acute infection. during the silent phase, the infection is said to be?
Latent
The clues that an infection is occurring known as the?
Signs and symptoms
It is measurable indications or physical observations, such as an increase in body temperature (fever) or the development of a trash or swelling.
[signs/symp]
Signs
It is indicators as described by the patient such as headache, aches, fatigue, and nausea.
[signs/symp]
Symptoms
One of the most effectives methods is vaccination, also referred to as?
Immunization
[2] Two basic approaches to immunization.
- Active immunization
- Passive immunization
Modified antigens from pathogenic microorganisms are introduced into the body and cause an immune response.
[immunization]
Active immunization
Antibodies against a particular pathogen that have been produced in one host are transferred to a second host, where they provide temporary protection.
[immunization]
Passive immunization
The administration of antibiotics when the risk of developing an infection is high, is another common medical intervention for preventing infection.
Prophylactic Antimicrobial Therapy
