Mycobacterium Flashcards
;Referred to as acid fastness.
Mycobacteria
nonmotile and do not form spores.
Mycobacteria
It is one of the oldest documented communicable diseases and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally.
TB
It is an organization of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and capillaries, along with fibrosis encapsulation.
Granuloma
These individuals are infected with the bacteria causing TB but remain asymptomatic.
Latent TB Infection
Disseminated or extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), infection outside the lungs.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Refers to the seeding of many organs outside the pulmonary tree with AFB through hematogenous spread: lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and kidneys
Military tuberculosis
An unexplained pleural effusion with mononuclear pleurocytosis, manifests as cough, fever, and chest pain, resembling the presentation of bacterial pneumonia.
Pleurisy
A treatment of pulmonary TB disease involves 8 weeks of therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
[phase]
Phase one
A treatment consists of isoniazid and rifampin for an additional 18 weeks.
[phase]
Phase two
A resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin, drugs recognized as the primary treatments for drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
TB resulting from strains resistant to rifampin (MDR/RR-TB) and isoniazid plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line anti-TB drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin).
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)
An attenuated M. bovis, is used in many countries with endemic TB. Administered to children and adults.
[vaccine]
BCG (bacillus calmette-guerin)
Causes TB primarily in cattle but also in other ruminants, as well as in dogs, cats, swine, parrots, and humans.
[mycobacterium]
Mycobacterium bovis
Are often opportunistic pathogens.
NTM
Not usually transmitted from person to person.
NTM
[3] Mycobacterium spp. synthesize carotenoids (a group of yellow to red pigments) in varying amounts and thus can be categorized into three groups based on the production of these pigments:
- Photochromogens
- Scotochromogens
- Nonphotochromogens
[2] Most common species isolated from humans.
[mycobacterium]
Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium intracellulare
Disease in poultry, cattle, and swine.
[mycobacterium]
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Causative agent of Johne disease, an intestinal infection occurring as a chronic diarrhea in cattle, sheep, goats, and other ruminants.
[mycobcayerium]
Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP)
The most common systemic bacterial infection in patients with AIDS.
[mycobacterium]
MAC infections
It is found in potable water, pasteurized milk, and other foods.
[mycobacterium]
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)
Tap water: reservoir
[mycobacterium]
Mycobacterium kansasii
Colonies are photochromogenic.
[mycobacterium]
Mycobacterium kansasii