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BACT 211 > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

;Referred to as acid fastness.

A

Mycobacteria

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2
Q

nonmotile and do not form spores.

A

Mycobacteria

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3
Q

It is one of the oldest documented communicable diseases and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally.

A

TB

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4
Q

It is an organization of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and capillaries, along with fibrosis encapsulation.

A

Granuloma

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5
Q

These individuals are infected with the bacteria causing TB but remain asymptomatic.

A

Latent TB Infection

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6
Q

Disseminated or extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), infection outside the lungs.

A

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis

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7
Q

Refers to the seeding of many organs outside the pulmonary tree with AFB through hematogenous spread: lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and kidneys

A

Military tuberculosis

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8
Q

An unexplained pleural effusion with mononuclear pleurocytosis, manifests as cough, fever, and chest pain, resembling the presentation of bacterial pneumonia.

A

Pleurisy

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9
Q

A treatment of pulmonary TB disease involves 8 weeks of therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.

[phase]

A

Phase one

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10
Q

A treatment consists of isoniazid and rifampin for an additional 18 weeks.

[phase]

A

Phase two

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11
Q

A resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin, drugs recognized as the primary treatments for drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis.

A

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

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12
Q

TB resulting from strains resistant to rifampin (MDR/RR-TB) and isoniazid plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line anti-TB drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin).

A

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)

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13
Q

An attenuated M. bovis, is used in many countries with endemic TB. Administered to children and adults.

[vaccine]

A

BCG (bacillus calmette-guerin)

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14
Q

Causes TB primarily in cattle but also in other ruminants, as well as in dogs, cats, swine, parrots, and humans.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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15
Q

Are often opportunistic pathogens.

A

NTM

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16
Q

Not usually transmitted from person to person.

A

NTM

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17
Q

[3] Mycobacterium spp. synthesize carotenoids (a group of yellow to red pigments) in varying amounts and thus can be categorized into three groups based on the production of these pigments:

A
  1. Photochromogens
  2. Scotochromogens
  3. Nonphotochromogens
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18
Q

[2] Most common species isolated from humans.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium intracellulare

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19
Q

Disease in poultry, cattle, and swine.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

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20
Q

Causative agent of Johne disease, an intestinal infection occurring as a chronic diarrhea in cattle, sheep, goats, and other ruminants.

[mycobcayerium]

A

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP)

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21
Q

The most common systemic bacterial infection in patients with AIDS.

[mycobacterium]

A

MAC infections

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22
Q

It is found in potable water, pasteurized milk, and other foods.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)

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23
Q

Tap water: reservoir

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

24
Q

Colonies are photochromogenic.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

25
Q

Ability to hydrolyze Tween 80 in 3 days.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

26
Q

Cause of disseminated infections in patients with AIDS. It has also been associated with enteritis and genital and soft tissue infections in HIV-positive and HIV-negative immunocompromised patients.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium genavense

27
Q

Middlebrook 7H11 agar supplemented with mycobactin.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium genavense

28
Q

The rare infections associated with Mycobacterium haemophilum occur primarily in patients who are immunocompromised.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium haemophilum

29
Q

Infections typically present as skin nodules on the extremities.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium haemophilum

30
Q

A unique characteristic of this organism is its requirement for hemoglobin or hemin for growth.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium haemophilum

31
Q

It has been implicated in diseases of fishes and is isolated from fishes in aquariums.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium marinum

32
Q

Cutaneous infections in humans occur when salt water, or inadequately chlorinated freshwater containing the organism contacts traumatized skin.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium marinum

33
Q

The typical presentation is a tender red or blue-red subcutaneous nodule, or “swimming pool granuloma,” usually occurring on the elbow, knee, toe, or finger 2 to 3 weeks after exposure.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium marinum

34
Q

Growth is optimal at incubation temperatures of 28° to 30° C.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium marinum

35
Q

The most common cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

36
Q

The organism grows slowly (4 to 6 weeks) at incubation temperatures ranging from 25° to 37° C.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

37
Q

Do not hydrolyze Tween 80.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

38
Q

Does not reduce nitrate and produce urease.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

39
Q

Infrequent cases of human infection from this have been reported and are often associated with HIV-positive patients.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium simiae

40
Q

It is one of the very few NTM that produce niacin.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium simiae

41
Q

This organism has been isolated from environmental sources such as snails, tropical fish, aquarium water, swimming pools, and hospital water supplies.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium szulgai

42
Q

Worldwide, is the third most common Mycobacterium spp., behind M. tuberculosis complex and M. leprae.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

43
Q

The disease manifests as a painless nodule under the skin following trauma. A shallow ulcer, also referred to as a Buruli ulcer, develops that can be quite severe.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

44
Q

It has been recovered from hot- and cold water taps (including water storage tanks of hospitals) and birds.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium xenopi

45
Q

young colonies grown on cornmeal agar have a “bird’s nest” appearance, with characteristic sticklike projections.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium xenopi

46
Q

It has been associated with a variety of infections of the skin, lungs, bone, central nervous system, and prosthetic heart valves.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium chelonae

47
Q

It has been isolated from water, soil, and dust.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum group

48
Q

Occasionally, rods are curved with branching or Y-shaped forms.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium smegmatis group

49
Q

Causative agent of Hansen disease (leprosy), an infection of skin, mucous membranes, and peripheral nerves.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium leprae

50
Q

The most important mode of transmission is not known, but the disease can be transmitted by direct contact and inhalation of aerosols from skin lesions. Shedding from the nasal passage is another route of transmission.

[mycobacterium]

A

Mycobacterium leprae

51
Q

[4] Runyon Classification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

A
  1. photochromogens
  2. scotochromogens
  3. nonphotochromogens
  4. rapid growers
52
Q

NTM colonies that develop pigment on exposure to light after being grown in the dark and take longer than 7 days to appear on solid media.

A

Phtochromogens

53
Q

NTM colonies that develop pigment in the dark or light and take longer than 7 days to appear on solid media.

A

Scotophotochromogens

54
Q

NTM colonies that are nonpigmented regardless of whether they are grown in the dark or light and take longer than 7 days to appear on solid media.

A

Nonphotochromogens

55
Q

NTM colonies that grow on solid media and take fewer than 7 days to appear.

A

Rapid growers

56
Q

They are typically raised, with a dry, rough appearance.

BACT 211 (14 decks)

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