Microbial world - Classification & Structure of Bacteria

Question 1

It is the study of microorganisms, a large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cells or cell clusters.

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

Group of organisms: contain multiple genera and consists of organisms with a common attribute.

Answer 2

Family

Question 3

Plural of genus:

Answer 3

genera

Question 4

Contains different species that have several important features in common.

Answer 4

Genus

Question 5

Defined as a collection of bacterial strains that share common physiologic and genetic features and differ notably from other microbial species.

Answer 5

Species

Question 6

(readily observable physical and functional features of an organism expressed by its genotype).

Answer 6

Phenotype

Question 7

Genetic makeup of an organism, or combinations of forms of one or a few genes under scrutiny in an organism’s genome).

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

It is the naming of microorganisms according to established rules and guidelines set forth in the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or the Bacteriological Code (BC).

Answer 8

Nomenclature

Question 9

ICNB means

Answer 9

International Code of Nomenclature Bacteria

Question 10

Bacteria are classified as?

Answer 10

prokaryotes

Question 11

the outermost structure.

Answer 11

Cell envelope

Question 12

It acts as a barrier to hydrophobic compounds and harmful substances.

Answer 12

Outer membrane

Question 13

Control the passage of nutrients and other solutes, including antibiotics, through the outer membrane.

Answer 13

Porins

Question 14

It provides attachment sites that enhance attachment to host cells.

Answer 14

Outer membrane

Question 15

Also referred to as the peptidoglycan, or murein layer.

Answer 15

Cell wall

Question 16

Disaccharides: N-acetylglucosamine and N acetylmuramic acid

Answer 16

Cell wall

Question 17

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

Answer 17

Disaccharides

Question 18

Diaminopimelic acid: It is never found in the cell walls of Archaea or eukaryotes

Answer 18

Cell wall

Question 19

It is never found in the cell walls of Archaea or eukaryotes.

Answer 19

Diaminopimelic acid

Question 20

two major types of cell walls:

Answer 20

1. gram positive
2. gram negative

Question 21

very thick protective peptidoglycan (murein) layer.

[cell wall]

Answer 21

Gram-positive cell wall

Question 22

the inner peptidoglycan layer is much thinner than in gram-positive cell walls.

[cell wall]

Answer 22

Gram-negative cell wall

Question 23

Have diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall.

[cell wall]

Answer 23

Gram-negative cell wall

Question 24

contains proteins, phospholipids, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

[cell wall]

Answer 24

Gram-negative cell wall

Question 25

Other components are teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid which are unique to the gram-positive cell wall. [cell wall]

Answer 25

Gram-positive cell wall

Question 26

LPS contains three regions:

Answer 26

1. antigenic O-specific polysaccharide 2. core polysaccharide 3. inner lipid A (aka endotoxin)

Question 27

It is responsible for producing fever and shock conditions in patients infected with gram negative bacteria.

Answer 27

Lipid A moeity

Question 28

Cover the bacterial surface and exclude hydrophobic compounds.

Answer 28

O antigen

Question 29

The most abundant protein of gram-negative cells.

Answer 29

Lipoprotein

Question 30

Its function is to stabilize the outer membrane and anchor it to the peptidoglycan layer.

Answer 30

Lipoprotein

Question 31

Found only in gram negative bacteria.

Answer 31

Periplasmic space

Question 32

Present in both gram-positive and gram negative bacteria and is the deepest layer of the cell envelope.

Answer 32

Cytoplasmic (inner) membrane