MET EOYS4 Flashcards
what two important things does niacin (B3) create? [2] roles?
- forms: NAD & NADP -> imporant hydrogen acceptors. when reduced forms: hydrogen donors
iron metabolism:
- absorbed where in GI?
- function in the body? (2)
- stored where (2) and as what (1)?
iron metabolism:
- absorbed where in GI: duodenum (and proximal jejunum)
- function in the body: oxygen transport with Hb (1) myoglobin function in skeletal muscle
- stored: liver (1) & macrophages (1) as ferratin (1)
tryptophan
describe the branches of the SMA (6)
- inferior pancreaticoduedenal artery
- jejnunal and ileal branches
3 middle colic artery
- right colic artery
- ileocolic artery -> appendicular artery
describe pathway of common hepatic artery –> hepatic artery proper —> ?? :)
common hepatic artery: branches into
- gastroduodenal artery, which branches to give right gastroepiploic artery - which anastamoses with left gastroepiploic artery.
- right gastric artery (goes to less curvature of stomach). anastamoes with left gastric artery
after these two: becomes the hepatic artery proper; branches into:
- right hepatic artery –> cystic artery (gall bladder)
- left hepatic artery
describe pathway of common hepatic artery –> hepatic artery proper —> ?? :)
common hepatic artery: branches into
- gastroduodenal artery, which branches to give right gastroepiploic artery - which anastamoses with left gastroepiploic artery.
- right gastric artery (goes to less curvature of stomach). anastamoes with left gastric artery
after these two: becomes the hepatic artery proper; branches into:
- right hepatic artery –> cystic artery (gall bladder)
- left hepatic artery
A: jenunal
B: superior mesentric
C ileocolic
what are the 3 branches of the IMA?
what connects the SMA & IMA?
inferior mesenteric artery branches:
- left colic artery
- sigmoidal artery
- superior rectal artery
- SMA & IMA connected by marginal artery
what are the 3 branches of the IMA?
what connects the SMA & IMA?
inferior mesenteric artery branches:
- left colic artery
- sigmoidal artery
- superior rectal artery
- SMA & IMA connected by marginal artery
which veins dont go to liver & directly drain into IVC? (4)
- gonadal vein
- renal vein
- internal iliac vein
- external iliac vein
A: left colic
B: sigmoidal
C: superior rectal
what is transamination?
how does it occur?
where does it occur mostly?
what is the enyzme used for it
transamination: transfer of an amino group. new amino acids can be made by using the carbon skeleton of other amino acids and transferreing a new side chain on it
mechanism:
- keto acid / group (a.a but instead of the NH2, is replaced by C double bonded O) swaps with the amine of another amino acid
- requires an intermediary: pyridoxal phosphate (from vitamin B6)
location: liver
Enzyme: tranaminase
what are glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids?
- *glutogenic**: can be converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis or enter the TCA
- can either be transaminated to oxaloacetate or pyruvate (or other intermediates that will form oxaloacetate):
- e.g. alanine or glutamate
ketogenic: can be converted to ketone bodies, these can feed into the TCA cycle, mostly via A-CoA or acetoacetyl-CoA.
the lesser omentum connects what? [2]
liver and spleen
label the anatomy thats undergoing forgut developement at 10 weeks
get a fusion of the dorsal mesogastrium & the transverse mescolon !
& what are the two pink arrows pointing at?
- lesser omentum: liver and stomach
- gastrosplenic ligament: stomach and spleen
top pink arrow: lesser sac
bottom pink arrow: epiploic foramen
what is the name of this muscle?
what is its role?
where does it recieve motor innervation from?
= stylopharnygeus muscle
- function: elevates the pharnyx during swallowing
- innervation: glossopharnygeal nerve
label the mandible
- which part serves as the muscle attachment point and moves the mandible?
- coronoid process: muscle attachment point
what divdes the anterior and posterior portion of the tongue? [1]
what is found at the point of ^ V shape? [1]
what divdes the anterior and posterior portion of the tongue? [1]
sulcus terminalis
what is found at the point of ^ V shape? [1]
foramen cecum
what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve? [5]
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical
Two Zulus Bit My Cat
which two arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach & what is their orgins? [2]
which two arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach & what is their orgins? [2]
which artery supplies the fundus & origin?
which two arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach & what is their orgins? [2]
Right gastric (from common hepatic)
Left gastric (from coeliac trunk)
which two arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach & what is their orgins? [2]
Right gastroepiploic (from gastroduodenal)
Left gastroepiploic (from splenic)
which artery supplies the fundus & origin?
short gastric arteries (from splenic)
what is this muscle?
cremaster muscle
what are the layers of the spermatic cord? [3] where do each layer originate from [3]
superficial –> deep:
external spermatic fascia (from transveralis fascia)
cremaster muscle (from internal oblique)
external spermatic fascia (from external oblique)
what is the difference betwenen a direct and indirect hernia? [2]
what is the difference betwenen a direct and indirect hernia? [2]
The difference is in the anatomical location:
Direct hernias protrude through the posterior (back) wall of the inguinal canal.
Indirect hernias protrude through the inguinal ring
x
direct hernias pass directly through which structure? [1]
direct hernias pass directly through: hasslebachs triangle
