Met 1: Dietary Carbs

Question 1

Name 3 sugar monomers

Answer 1

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

Question 2

Compare starch and cellulose

Answer 2

• Starch
  
  • Chain of glucose called amylose or amylopectin
  • Can be degraded
• Cellulose
  
  • Dietary fiber
  • Cannot be digested

Question 3

Why is whole grain preferable to white bread?

Answer 3

• Whole grain products have more FIBER!
• They are made from the entire grain of wheat
• The external coat of the wheat grain (which contains the fiber) is not present in white flour

Question 4

Define glycemic index.

Eg. what does a high glycemic index food do?

Answer 4

Standardized measurement of how much a food affects your blood sugar

Eg. high glycemic index food causes a large increase in blood sugar

Question 5

What is glycemic load?

Answer 5

Glycemic load =

glycemic index for a food * amount of food

Question 6

What are 4 reasons Glycemic index is not useful for nutrition counseling?

Answer 6

• GI is not on food labels
• GI does not take fat into account
• GI is altered by how the food is prepared
• low GI diet doesn’t help pre-diabetes pts

Question 7

What is the best diet to prevent diabetes among at-risk patients?

Answer 7

Low fat, low calorie diet

Question 8

What is the #1 risk factor for diabetes?

Answer 8

Positive energy balance (obesity)

Question 9

How do we feel about aspartate?

Answer 9

It’s fine. Would need a huge dose to be problematic

Question 10

All of the following predispose to development of DM:

• ___ fiber
• ___ glycemic load
• ___ whole grain intake
• ____ carbohydrate diet, especially with lots of ______

Answer 10

All of the following predispose to development of DM:

• Low fiber
• High glycemic load
• Low whole grain intake
• High carbohydrate diet, especially with lots of simple sugars (fructose corn syrup)

Question 11

Compare fructose and glucose (3)

Answer 11

• Fructose
  
  • Not normally metabolized by glycolysis
  • Bypasses PFK regulation
  • Doesn’t raise glucose levels (b/c it’s not glucose…)
• Glucose
  
  • Metabolized by glycolysis
  • Metabolism regulated by PFK
  • Obviously increases blood glucose

Question 12

Fructose can be found in ______

Aspartate can be found in_________

Answer 12

Fructose can be found in table sugar and high fructose corn syrup.

Aspartate can be found in diet products and artificial sweeteners