Met 1: Diabetes Intro Flashcards
Define diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus = increased blood glucose that causes microvascular damage
What vessels are damaged in diabetes?
In prediabetes?
Diabetes: MICROvascular damage
Prediabetes: MACROvascular damage
Fasting glucose for normal, prediabetes, DM
Fasting glucose
- Normal: under 100
- Prediabetes: 100-125
- DM: over 125
HbA1c for normal, prediabetes, DM
HbA1c (3 month average of sugar level)
- Normal: under 5.7
- Prediabetes: 5.7-6.4
- DM: 6.5+
Oral gluose tolerance test:
Glucose level at 2 hrs for normal, prediabetes, and DM
Glucose level 2 hrs into oral glucose tolerance test
- Normal: less than 140
- Prediabetes: 140-200
- DM: over 200
How can random glucose be used in diabetes diagnosis?
Random glucose cannot diagnose prediabetes.
If symptoms are already present and random glucose is above 200, can diagnose diabetes
What are the 4 cardinal symptoms of DM?
Why does each symptom occur?
- Polyuria (sugar is osmotic diuretic)
- Polydipsia
- Weight loss (cells are starving)
- Blurry vision (sugar in eye causes edema)
Compare the demographics of Type I and Type II diabetes (3 traits)
Type I: young, lean person, Caucasian
Type II: older, overweight person, non-white
Which type of diabetes has strongest genetic component?
Type II
Compare the cause of Type I and Type II diabetes
Type I: Autoimmune disease, leading to insufficient insulin production
Type II: Insulin resistance (decreased response to insulin)
What causes pancreatic diabetes?
- Injury to pancrease causes endocrine insuffiency
- Due to alcohol or cystic fibrosis
What are the hormone findings in pancreatic diabetes?
Low insulin AND glucagon production, but sensitive to both these hormones.
*pts very prone to hypoglycemia b/c no glucagon
