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Mental Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 chose historical explanations

A

Trephination
Mesopotamian and Egyptian Papyri
Psychoanalysis

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2
Q

What is the time period for trephination

A

As early as 6500 BC

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3
Q

Describe the trephination explanation

A

Supernatural explanation

Idea that mental illnesses are caused by evil spirits trapped in the skull
Treated by surgical drillings into the skull to release them

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4
Q

Evaluate trephination in

A

It is unethical

It is reductionist (can be good as a good explanation - treated epilepsy but not cause of spirits )

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5
Q

What time period is Mesopotamian from

A

1900 BC

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6
Q

Describe the Mesopotamian explanation

A

Women suffering from mental illness is due to a uterus dislodged and atf her to parts of body like liver which led to painful symptoms

Somatogenic treatments used of strong smelling substances to guide it back

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7
Q

Evaluate Mesopotamian

A

It is reductionist

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8
Q

What time period is psychoanalysis from

A

1900 to 1950’s

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9
Q

What is the explanation for psychoanalysis

A

Mental illness caused by unresolved trauma / conflict often from childhood

It was the first talking cure where trauma identified in unconscious mind and patients made consciously aware of

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10
Q

Evaluate psychoanalysis

A

It is holistic - takes into account internal and external - personal expenrienves and unconscious mind

Not scientific - can’t be proved wrong

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11
Q

What are the 3 ways of defining abnormality

A

Statistical Infrequency
Deviation from social norms
Failure to function adequately

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12
Q

Define the statistical infrequency explanation

A

The mathematical method for defining abnormality, its is when something occurs rarely then it is considered abnormal (based on standard deviations) the top and bottom 5% is considered abnormal

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13
Q

What are the strengths of statistical infrequency

A

It is objective - what is abnormal and what isn’t is very clear - no opinions or bias involved

Population validity - it looks at the whole population so can get useful insight

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14
Q

What is a weakness of statistical infrequency

A

Validity issues because some statistically infrequent behaviours can actually be desirable but still seen as abnormal by this explanation - ie a high iq or low depression score

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15
Q

Describe the deviation from social norms

A

There are unwritten rules that members of society regard as abnormal behaviours and any deviation from them is considered abnormal

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16
Q

What are 2 strengths of deviation from social norms y

A

Validity - it distinguishes between desirable and undesirable behaviours ie low depression scores aren’t abnormal

Also flexible

17
Q

What is a weakness of devotion from social Norms

A

Temporal validity- what is consisted normal changes over time
Lack of consensus between different generations
Extremely subjective

18
Q

Describe failure or function adequately

A

Is they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life and live independently in society (rosenhan and seligman)

19
Q

Strength and failure to function adequately

A

It considers how the individual feels so what is abnormal is based entirely on them

It is observable

20
Q

Weakness of failure to function adequately

A

Abnormality doesn’t always stop a person from functioning - they could appear fine to others but have inner distress which others can’t see

Subjective features like too vivid which can lead to reduced consistency within psychologists

21
Q

What are 2 features of failure to function adequately

A

Unpredictably and loss of control

Irrationality

Suffering and distress

22
Q

3 headings of dsm 5

A

Diagnostic classification
Diagnostic criteria sets
Descriptive text

23
Q

What happens in diagnostic classification

A

A list of mental disorders and all the similar disorders are grouped together for example anxiety disorders, each disorder also has a code

The disorder that is chosen is based on the one that best reflects the signs and symptoms of the patient

24
Q

What happens in diagnostic criteria tests

A

Diagnostic criteria sets for each disorder show what symptoms must be present and how long for as well as what symptoms rule out that disorder

25
Q

Descriptive text

A

Has additional information which psychologist can use to make sure they are making an accurate diagnosis

For example any information involving culture related diagnostic issues ( symptoms found in specific cultural groups )

Differential diagnosis ( other disorders with overlapping symptoms )

26
Q

What is an anxiety disorder

A

A group of mental disorders characterised by significant feelings of anxiety or fear

27
Q

What is a phobia

A

A strong president and irrational fear of an object

28
Q

What are 3 characteristics of a phobia

A

Fear is out of proportion to the risk

Fear of anxiety is persistent typically lasting 6 months or more

The object is actively avoided or endured with insured fear or anxiety

29
Q

What is an affective disorder

A

A disorder where the mood / emotional state that prevents individuals from living a normal life

30
Q

What is depression

A

A depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities

31
Q

What are 5 characteristics of depression

A

Depressed mood
Appetite loss or gain
Reduced concentration and loss of energy
Recurrent thoughts of death
Excessive sleep or insomnia

32
Q

What is time period for depression

A

More than a 2 week period

33
Q

What is a psychotic disorder

A

A loss of contact with reality

34
Q

What is schizophrenia

A

A severe disruption in psychological functioning and a loss of contact with reality

35
Q

Characteristics of schizophrenia

A

Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganised speech
Negative symptoms
Disorganised or catatonic behaviour

36
Q

Duration of symptoms for schizophrenia

A

At least one month of active symptoms

6 months of symptoms

37
Q

Evaluation for schizophrenia

A

Validity - checklists for accuracy

Reliability - all use same checklists

Weakness
Differential diagnosis - overlap with symptoms of mania

Comorbidity - more than one disorder existing alongside another

38
Q

Evaluate phobias

A

Validity - same checklist
Reliable - consistent
Effective treatment - systematic desensitisation

Weakness
Comorbidity - anxiety depression bipolar cause phobia

Medicalising normal life

39
Q

Depression evaluation

A

Validity and reliability and practical application

Weakness - subjective judgement

Differential diagnosis - symptoms over lap ie negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Psychology (18 decks)

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