Crime Topic 6 Flashcards
What is topic 6
Effect of imprisonment
What are the 2 background studies
Jacobson and Gibbs
Ireland
What were 3 results from Jacobson and Gibbs research
Custodial Sentences - 70.7
Community - 52.1
Restorative Justice - 37.7
3 features of Jacobson and Gibbs sample (3)
1151 young offenders
Under 18
From Northern Ireland
What was the method of Ireland’s study
Quasi experiment
50 prisoners
37 control - suitable for course but didn’t take it
What was the procedure of Irelands study
50 prisoners, 37 controls
13 did the calm programme,
They did an anger management assessment questionnaire before and after the course
What were the results from Ireland’s study
92% improvement in one measure
Who was the key research by
Zimbardo / Haney prison experiment
What was the method for Zimbardo / Haney’s experiment
Lab experiment to study the effect of imprisonment on both prisoners and guards
As well as observations, interviews and questionnaires
What was the sample (3)
22 males who volunteered for 15 dollars a day
They were all tested and said to be mentally and physically stable
They were middle class
What was the procedure of Zimbardo / Haney’s study
The prisoners were arrested at their homes and taken to the prison where they were given ID numbers and uniform
The guards told to maintain a reasonable degree of order to allow effective functioning without physical punishment
They were supervised 24 hours a day and given roll calls where they’d line up and be counted by the guards
Experiment stopped after 6 days instead of original expected 2 weeks due to pathological (abnormal) reactions by prisoners and guards
How were the effects of imprisonment assessed (2)
Video and audio tape observations of behaviours and dialogue
Self reports, questionnaires and interviews
What were 3 effects on prisoners
Pathological Prisoner Syndrome
Disbelief followed by rebellion which failed and they just showed negative emotions and behaviours
They were all passive - excessively obedient and showed dependence - little activity without instruction
What symptoms did the prisoners show and what did the prisoners say
Half showed signs of depression
Crying, fits of rage, acute anxiety etc
All but 2 said they would forfeit the money if they could be released early
What were 3 effects on the guards
Pathology of power
They redefined the prisoners rights as privileges - ie going toilet, eating and wearing glasses were a reward
Punishment with little or no justification was applied
What is pathology of power
Huge enjoyment of power at their disposal (some worked extra time for no pay and disappointed when study was over)
What are the 2 strategies that can be used to reduce reoffending
Restorative Justice
CBT / JETS
What is the process of restorative justice
A practitioner invites a victim and offender to a meeting
Victim explains about how the crime has impacted their life
The offender encouraged to explain why they decided to do the restorative justice
Victim reassured when acts taken so crime doesn’t occur again
A contract is drawn up and is signed by offender and victim
What is the procedure of the JETS programme
Jets involves 25 sessions, each which lasts for 2 and a half hours and - each split into 2 parts
In an individual session, offenders do an excercisw in a workbook to help them recognise the thinking errors that led them to committing the crime
Second is a group session with 6 young people in each group, focusing on continuity and support in the community
What is the 2 step summary of JETS / CBT
A - activating event leading to crime
B - negative belief attaching to event
C - negative consequences of the crime
