Crime Topic 3

Question 1

What is crime topic 3

Answer 1

Collection of evidence (cognitive)

Question 2

Who is the background study by

Answer 2

Fisher and Guisleman

Question 3

What is the aim of FS study

Answer 3

To study and test the cognitive interview in the field

Question 4

What was the design / method

Answer 4

A field experiment with actual interviews of real witnesses

Question 5

Who were the participants (3)
In FS background study

Answer 5

16 participants
From robbery division of Dade county Florida
Minimum 5 years experience with yeh division

Question 6

What was the procedure in FS background study

Answer 6

Detectives recorded a selection of their interviews using normal techniques

Detectives divided into 2 groups (one was cog interview)

7 detectives had training for the cognitive interview - then both groups recorded several interviews recorded

The interviews were analysed

Question 7

What are the results (2)

Answer 7

47% more info after training (compared to themselves) and 63% more than the untrained detectives

No difference in accuracy between cog and standards interview

Question 8

What is the Reid background study
+ a problem

Answer 8

People should use the 9 steps of interrogation

Directly confronting
Inferring guilt if suspect cries etc

False confessions

Question 9

Who is the key research by

Answer 9

Memon and Higam

Question 10

What are the 4 components of the cognitive interview technique

Answer 10

Report everything
Context reinstatement
Change order
Change perspective

Question 11

What are the 3 headings to write about in memon and higams review article

Answer 11

Effectiveness of components of the CI technique

Comparison interviews

Quality of training

Question 12

Effectiveness of components of the CI technique (3)

Answer 12

Describe what each components means
Review of research article they did on 5-8 years old - all components are effective
Milme reserach on adults - most useful is context reinstatement

Question 13

Comparison interviews (3)

Answer 13

The standard interview is a bad comparison to the cognitive interview because they are polar opposites

The guided interview is a better comparison because it has context reinstatement

Structured is also a good comparison because it allows for a rapport - uninterrupted questions / answers

Question 14

Quality of training

Answer 14

It’s not good quality and often done by police themselves which it shouldn’t be - usually last like 2 hours when it should be longer than that

Question 15

What are 3 results from the key research

Answer 15

Cognitive jnterview is effective and works better on adults than children - with regards to time use context reinstatement if only one section is used

More research into the effectiveness of the cog interview is still required without comparing to standard interview

2 day training programmes by psychologists of expert officers should be done for cog interview and not all officers should be interviewers

Question 16

What is the strategy for interviewing a suspect

Answer 16

PEACE

Question 17

What does the PEACE strategy stand for

Answer 17

Preparation and Planning
Engage and explain
Account, clarification, challenge
Closure
Evaluation

Question 18

What is another strategy that can be used

Answer 18

Loftus and Palmer research - no leading questions to avoid response bias
No post event information

Question 19

What is preparation and planning

Answer 19

Interviews plan interview carefully

Collating all information that is known

List of facts need to be verified

Write down plans

Any language barriers etc

Question 20

What is engage and explain

Answer 20

Engage with the witness to form a rapport

Explain purpose of interview and ensure that they understand everything

Question 21

What is account, clarification and challenge

Answer 21

Allow for an account with no interruptions

And open questions and ask for clarification, further details and summarise what they tell you

Keep repeating and questioning until all is clear

Challenge statements made by witnesses to identify inconsistencies and deception

Question 22

What is closure

Answer 22

Closing down the interview appropriately - reinforces the rapport and witness more likely to speak to them again in the future

Tell them the can contact officers again if they need to and give all necessary contact details

Question 23

What is evaluation

Answer 23

Evaluate the interview (interviewer) and establish whether everything that was required has been covered or if there was anything not followed up or any inconsistencies.

Question 24

What is another research you can use as part of peace strategy

Answer 24

Lotus and palmer - no pleasant questions as they create response bias

No post even information