Crime Topic 3 Flashcards
What is crime topic 3
Collection of evidence (cognitive)
Who is the background study by
Fisher and Guisleman
What is the aim of FS study
To study and test the cognitive interview in the field
What was the design / method
A field experiment with actual interviews of real witnesses
Who were the participants (3)
In FS background study
16 participants
From robbery division of Dade county Florida
Minimum 5 years experience with yeh division
What was the procedure in FS background study
Detectives recorded a selection of their interviews using normal techniques
Detectives divided into 2 groups (one was cog interview)
7 detectives had training for the cognitive interview - then both groups recorded several interviews recorded
The interviews were analysed
What are the results (2)
47% more info after training (compared to themselves) and 63% more than the untrained detectives
No difference in accuracy between cog and standards interview
What is the Reid background study
+ a problem
People should use the 9 steps of interrogation
Directly confronting
Inferring guilt if suspect cries etc
False confessions
Who is the key research by
Memon and Higam
What are the 4 components of the cognitive interview technique
Report everything
Context reinstatement
Change order
Change perspective
What are the 3 headings to write about in memon and higams review article
Effectiveness of components of the CI technique
Comparison interviews
Quality of training
Effectiveness of components of the CI technique (3)
Describe what each components means
Review of research article they did on 5-8 years old - all components are effective
Milme reserach on adults - most useful is context reinstatement
Comparison interviews (3)
The standard interview is a bad comparison to the cognitive interview because they are polar opposites
The guided interview is a better comparison because it has context reinstatement
Structured is also a good comparison because it allows for a rapport - uninterrupted questions / answers
Quality of training
It’s not good quality and often done by police themselves which it shouldn’t be - usually last like 2 hours when it should be longer than that
What are 3 results from the key research
Cognitive jnterview is effective and works better on adults than children - with regards to time use context reinstatement if only one section is used
More research into the effectiveness of the cog interview is still required without comparing to standard interview
2 day training programmes by psychologists of expert officers should be done for cog interview and not all officers should be interviewers
What is the strategy for interviewing a suspect
PEACE
What does the PEACE strategy stand for
Preparation and Planning
Engage and explain
Account, clarification, challenge
Closure
Evaluation
What is another strategy that can be used
Loftus and Palmer research - no leading questions to avoid response bias
No post event information
What is preparation and planning
Interviews plan interview carefully
Collating all information that is known
List of facts need to be verified
Write down plans
Any language barriers etc
What is engage and explain
Engage with the witness to form a rapport
Explain purpose of interview and ensure that they understand everything
What is account, clarification and challenge
Allow for an account with no interruptions
And open questions and ask for clarification, further details and summarise what they tell you
Keep repeating and questioning until all is clear
Challenge statements made by witnesses to identify inconsistencies and deception
What is closure
Closing down the interview appropriately - reinforces the rapport and witness more likely to speak to them again in the future
Tell them the can contact officers again if they need to and give all necessary contact details
What is evaluation
Evaluate the interview (interviewer) and establish whether everything that was required has been covered or if there was anything not followed up or any inconsistencies.
What is another research you can use as part of peace strategy
Lotus and palmer - no pleasant questions as they create response bias
No post even information
