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Reproductive & Sexual Health > Menopause > Flashcards

Menopause Flashcards

1
Q

what is the average age of menopause?

A

51 years

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2
Q

What is defined as early menopause?

A

<45 years

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3
Q

What is defined as premature menopause?

A

<40 years

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4
Q

What is defined as late menopause?

A

> 54 years

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5
Q

How can menopause be diagnosed?

A

Vasomotor symptoms
Pattern of periods
Blood tests

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6
Q

What raises FSH & LH

A

Prior to ovulation, stopping combined OCP or depoprovera, raised with breastfeeding or certain medication (SSRI)

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7
Q

What are the physical symptoms of menopause?

A 
Hot flushes
Night sweats
Palpitations
Insomnia
Joint Aches
Headaches
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8
Q

What percentage of menopausal women have hot flushes?

A

60-80%

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9
Q

What percentage of women have severe hot flushes?

A

20%

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10
Q

How long do hot flushes last?

A

Average 2 years
10% for 15 years
2-3 minutes

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11
Q

What are the psychological symptoms of menopause?

A 
Mood Swings
Irritability
Anxiety
Difficulty concentrating
Forgetfulness
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12
Q

What are the sexual symptoms of menopause?

A

Vaginal dryness

Libido

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13
Q

What are the later symptoms of menopause?

A 
Frequency
Recurrent UTIs
Dysuria
Incontinence
Dry hair &amp; skin
Atrophy of breast and genitals
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14
Q

Describe perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Irregular periods
Intra-menstrual bleeding
Post menopausal bleeiding

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15
Q

What is the conservative management of menopause?

A 
Diet
Weight loss
Exercise
Lifestyle
Caffeine
CBT
Mindfulness
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16
Q

How can menorrhagia be managed?

A 
Mefenamic acid
Tranexamic acid
Progesterones
Intra-uterine system
Endometrial ablation
Hysterectomy
17
Q

Describe hormone replacement therapy in menopause?

A

Oestrogen alone
Oestrogen and progesterone
Topical or oral

18
Q

What are the contra-indications for HRT?

A 
Breast cancer
Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
Endometrial cancer
Pregnancy
Active thrombosis-embolic disorder
Recent MI
Active liver disease with abnormal LFT
Porphyria cutanea tarda
19
Q

What are the benefits of HRT?

A 
Symptom control
QOl
Reduced osteoporotic fracture
Reduced bowel cancer
Protective against Alzheimers and parkinsons
Reduced risk of CV events
20
Q

What are the risks of HRT?

A

VTE
CVA
Breast cancer
Gallbladder disease

21
Q

What non hormonal medication can be given?

A 
Clonidine
SSRIs
Regelle
Yes
Sylk

Reproductive & Sexual Health (54 decks)

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