Healthy Term Infant Flashcards
When is term ?
After 37 weeks completed gestation
When is post-term?
After 41 weeks completed gestation
What is normal weight?
2.5kg-4.0kg
What is the average weight gain per day in the 3rd trimester?
24g
What is the average fat gain per day in the last 4 weeks gestation?
7g
Describe the purpose of the first cry
Alveolar expansion, shift from foetal to newborn circulation
What is an Apgar score?
Objective measure of perinatal adaptation Score out of 10 normal >/= 8
What is measured in the Apgar score?
- Heart rate
- Respiratory Rate
- Responsiveness
- Tone
- Colour
What is the treatment for haemorrhagic disease of the newborn?
Vitamin K
What infection risk can be evaluated through maternal history?
- hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- HIV
- Syphillis
- TB
- Group B streptococcus
What screening tests are done at birth
- newborn examination
- universal hearing screening
- Hip screening- clinical and USS
- Cystic fibrosis
- Haemoglobinopathies
- Metabolic disease
What metabolic diseaes are screened for at birth?
- phenylketonuria (PKU)
- medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase dificiency (MCADD)
- maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)
- isovaleric acidaemia (IVA)
- glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1)
- homocystinuria (pyridoxine unresponsive) HCU
When is a newborn examination required?
around 24 hours of age
What is screening for on the head
- OFC
- Overlapping sutures
- fontanelles
- ventouse/forceps marks
- moulding
- cephalohaematoma
- caput succedaenaum
What is OFC?
Occipital frontal circumference
What is cephalohaematoma?
accumulation of blood under the scalp. During the birth process, small blood vessels on the head of the fetus are broken as a result of minor trauma.
What is caput succedaneum?
swelling around the skull, which can give an infant a “conehead” appearance
What is screened for in the eyes?
- size
- red reflex
- conjunctival haemorrhage
- squints (frequent)
- iris abnormality
What is screened for in the ears?
- position
- external auditory canal
- tags/pits
- folding
- FHx of hearing loss
What is screened for in the mouth?
- shape
- philtrum
- tongue tie
- palate neonatal teeth
- ebsteins pearls
- sucking/rooting reflex
What is lookes for in the face?
Facial palsy
Dysmorphism
FAS
What should be looked for in the respiratory system check?
- chest shape
- nasal flaring
- grunting
- tachpnoea
- in-drawing
- breath sounds
What should be examined in CV system?
- colour
- saturation
- CHD screening
- pulses: femoral
- apex
- thrills/heaves
- heart sounds
What should be examined in abdomen?
- moves with respiration
- distension
- hernia
- umbilicus
- bile stained vomiting: intestinal obstruction
- passage of meconium
- anus
What should be examined in genitourinary system??
Normal passage of urine
normal genitalia
undescended tested
hypospadias
What should be looked for in MSK exam?
Movement and posture
limbs and digits
spine
hip examination
Describe a neurological examination
- Alert, responsive
- Cry
- Tone
- Posture
- Movement
- Primitive reflexes
- Suck
- Rooting
- Moro
- ATNR
- →Stepping
- →Grasp
