Healthy Term Infant

Question 1

When is term ?

Answer 1

After 37 weeks completed gestation

Question 2

When is post-term?

Answer 2

After 41 weeks completed gestation

Question 3

What is normal weight?

Answer 3

2.5kg-4.0kg

Question 4

What is the average weight gain per day in the 3rd trimester?

Answer 4

24g

Question 5

What is the average fat gain per day in the last 4 weeks gestation?

Answer 5

7g

Question 6

Describe the purpose of the first cry

Answer 6

Alveolar expansion, shift from foetal to newborn circulation

Question 7

What is an Apgar score?

Answer 7

Objective measure of perinatal adaptation Score out of 10 normal >/= 8

Question 8

What is measured in the Apgar score?

Answer 8

• Heart rate
• Respiratory Rate
• Responsiveness
• Tone
• Colour

Question 9

What is the treatment for haemorrhagic disease of the newborn?

Answer 9

Vitamin K

Question 10

What infection risk can be evaluated through maternal history?

Answer 10

• hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• HIV
• Syphillis
• TB
• Group B streptococcus

Question 11

What screening tests are done at birth

Answer 11

• newborn examination
• universal hearing screening
• Hip screening- clinical and USS
• Cystic fibrosis
• Haemoglobinopathies
• Metabolic disease

Question 12

What metabolic diseaes are screened for at birth?

Answer 12

• phenylketonuria (PKU)
• medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase dificiency (MCADD)
• maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)
• isovaleric acidaemia (IVA)
• glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1)
• homocystinuria (pyridoxine unresponsive) HCU

Question 13

When is a newborn examination required?

Answer 13

around 24 hours of age

Question 14

What is screening for on the head

Answer 14

• OFC
• Overlapping sutures
• fontanelles
• ventouse/forceps marks
• moulding
• cephalohaematoma
• caput succedaenaum

Question 15

What is OFC?

Answer 15

Occipital frontal circumference

Question 16

What is cephalohaematoma?

Answer 16

accumulation of blood under the scalp. During the birth process, small blood vessels on the head of the fetus are broken as a result of minor trauma.

Question 17

What is caput succedaneum?

Answer 17

swelling around the skull, which can give an infant a “conehead” appearance

Question 18

What is screened for in the eyes?

Answer 18

• size
• red reflex
• conjunctival haemorrhage
• squints (frequent)
• iris abnormality

Question 19

What is screened for in the ears?

Answer 19

• position
• external auditory canal
• tags/pits
• folding
• FHx of hearing loss

Question 20

What is screened for in the mouth?

Answer 20

• shape
• philtrum
• tongue tie
• palate neonatal teeth
• ebsteins pearls
• sucking/rooting reflex

Question 21

What is lookes for in the face?

Answer 21

Facial palsy

Dysmorphism

FAS

Question 22

What should be looked for in the respiratory system check?

Answer 22

• chest shape
• nasal flaring
• grunting
• tachpnoea
• in-drawing
• breath sounds

Question 23

What should be examined in CV system?

Answer 23

• colour
• saturation
  
  • CHD screening
• pulses: femoral
• apex
• thrills/heaves
• heart sounds

Question 24

What should be examined in abdomen?

Answer 24

• moves with respiration
• distension
• hernia
• umbilicus
• bile stained vomiting: intestinal obstruction
• passage of meconium
• anus

Question 25

What should be examined in genitourinary system??

Answer 25

Normal passage of urine

normal genitalia

undescended tested

hypospadias

Question 26

What should be looked for in MSK exam?

Answer 26

Movement and posture

limbs and digits

spine

hip examination

Question 27

Describe a neurological examination

Answer 27

• Alert, responsive
• Cry
• Tone
• Posture
• Movement
• Primitive reflexes
  
  • Suck
  • Rooting
  • Moro
  • ATNR
• →Stepping
• →Grasp