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Reproductive & Sexual Health > Female Reproductive System and Breast > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System and Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What lies within the pelvic cavity?

A
  • ovaries
  • uterine tubes
  • uterus
  • superior part of vagina
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2
Q

What lies within the perineum?

A
  • Inferior part of vagina
  • Perineal muscles
  • Bartholin’s glands
  • Clitoris
  • Labia
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3
Q

The inferior part of parietal paritoneum forms the

  • ____ of peritoneal cavity and the
  • ____ over ______ organs

Covers the ______ aspect organs

Forms pouches

  • ________ pouch
  • ________ pouch
A

The inferior part of parietal paritoneum forms the

  • floor of peritoneal cavity and the
  • roof over pelvic organs

Covers the superior aspect organs

Forms pouches

  • vesico-uterine pouch
  • recto-uterine pouch
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4
Q

How can fluid collection in the pouch of douglas be drained?

A

Needle passed through the fornix of the vagina

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5
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Double layer of peritoneum

Extends between the uterus and the lateral walls & floor of the pelvis

Helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

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6
Q

What is contained within the broad ligament?

A

Uterine tubes and the proximal part of the round ligament

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7
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

An embryological remnant

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8
Q

Describe the location of the round ligament?

A

Attaches to the lateral aspect of the uterus and passes thorugh the deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of the female perineum

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9
Q

What holds the uterus in position?

A

Number of strong ligaments- uterosacral ligaments

Endopelvic fascia

Muscles of the pelvic floor (levator ani)

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10
Q

What is the most common position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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11
Q

What does anteverted mean?

A

-cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

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12
Q

What does anteflexed mean?

A

-uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix (the mass of the uterus lies over the bladder)

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13
Q

What is normal variation in the uterus position?

A

Retroverted and retroflexed

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14
Q

Define retroverted

A

-cervix tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

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15
Q

Define retroflexed

A

-uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

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16
Q
  • The ovaries are _____ sized and shaped, located ______ in the pelvic cavity
  • Secrete ______ and _______ in response to anterior pituitary hormones ___ and __
  • Develop on the _______ abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis.
    • the _____ ligament of the uterus
A
  • The ovaries are almond sized and shaped, located laterally in the pelvic cavity
  • Secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to anterior pituitary hormones FSH and LH
  • Develop on the posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis.
    • the round ligament of the uterus
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17
Q

The fornix has 4 parts:

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • 2x lateral
18
Q
  • Ischial spines can be palpated
    • ______
    • _ and _ o’clock positions
A
  • Ischial spines can be palpated
    • laterally
    • 4 and 8 o’clock positions
19
Q
  • Palpation of adnexae
    • ______ _____ and _____
    • place examining fingers into _____ fornix
    • press ____ with other hand in the ____ _____ of the ____ ____
    • repeat on other side
    • can detect ____ ______ or ________ affecting these structures
A
  • Palpation of adnexae
    • uterine tubes and ovaries
    • place examining fingers into lateral fornix
    • press deeply with other hand in the iliac fossa of the same side
    • repeat on other side
    • can detect large masses or tenderness affecting these structures
20
Q

What is the perineum?

A

shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin

21
Q

What is the perineum divided into?

A

Superficial and deep pouches

22
Q

What makes up the levator ani?

A

Number of smaller muscles

23
Q

The levator ani muscle is a _____ muscle under ______ control

A

The levator ani muscle is a skeletal muscle under voluntary control

24
Q

What forms the majority of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

The levator ani

25
Q

What is the role of the levator ani?

A

Provides continual support for the pelvic organs

  • tonic contraction
  • reflexive contraction
26
Q

What supplies the levator ani?

A

Supplied by the nerve to the levator ani

S3, 4, 5 sacral plexus

27
Q

What supplies the perineal muscles??

A

Pudendal nerve

28
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach

29
Q

What is the perineal body important for?

A

Important for pelvic floor strength

30
Q

When can perineal body be disrupted?

A

During labour

31
Q

Where is the perineal body located?

A

Just deep to skin

32
Q

Bed of breast extends from ribs _-_, the ____ border of the _____ to __-______ line

A

Bed of breast extends from ribs 2-6, the lateral border of the sternum to mid-axillary line

33
Q

Where does the breast lie?

A

On deep fascia covering pec major and serratus anterior

34
Q

Where is the retromammary space?

A

Lies between fascia and breast

35
Q

How does the female breast attach?

A

To skin via suspensory ligaments

36
Q

How is lump position described in the female breast?

A

in 4 quadrants of the clock face

37
Q

Most lymph (>75%) from the breast drains to the _______ _____ lymph nodes and then to the ________ nodes

A

Most lymph (>75%) from the breast drains to the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes and then to the supraclavicular nodes

38
Q

Lymph from inner breast quadrants can drain to the ________ lymph nodes

Lymph from the lower inner breast quadrant can drain to ______ lymph nodes

A

Lymph from inner breast quadrants can drain to the parasternal lymph nodes

Lymph from the lower inner breast quadrant can drain to abdominal lymph nodes

39
Q

Lymph from the upper limb also drains to the ______ lymph nodes:

  • this can have implications if axillary nodes are removed (“axillary node clearance”) e.g. in treatment for some breast cancers:
  • it can result in the formation of “__________”
A

Lymph from the upper limb also drains to the axillary lymph nodes:

  • this can have implications if axillary nodes are removed (“axillary node clearance”) e.g. in treatment for some breast cancers:
  • it can result in the formation of “lymphedema”
40
Q

What is contained in the axilla (pyramidal passageway between arm and chest)?

A
  • brachial plexus branches
  • axillary artery (& branches) and axillary vein (& tributaries)
  • axillary lymph nodes
  • all embedded in axillary fat
41
Q

How is axillary node clearance described?

A

In relation to pectoralis minor

  • Level I – inferior and lateral to pectoralis minor
  • Level II – deep to pectoralis minor
  • Level III – superior and medial to pectoralis minor

Reproductive & Sexual Health (54 decks)

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