Meningitis and vaccination Flashcards
What is meningitis?
An acute inflammation of the meninges with an infective cause - bacterial, viral, fungal
What are the meninges?
A protective sac or membrane that envelopes the brain and provides an impermeable barrier to external environment in the event of injury
Why do bacteria not get into the brain?
BBB
Most cases of meningitis are viral or aseptic. True or false?
True
Fungal meningitis is extremely rare and is associated with underlying immune deficiency. True or false?
True
Meningitis and meningococcal disease are the same thing. True or false?
False
Pneumococcal disease is associated with streptococcus pneumoniae. True or false?
True
Are meningococci gram positive or negative diplococci?
gram negative
Strep.pneumoniae is a gram-positive coccus. True or false?
True
What organelle of strep.pneumoniae is most important virulence factor?
Capsule
Pneumococci that lack a capsule are not normally virulent. True or false?
True
Which pneumococci vaccine is given to children and which one is given to adults?
PCV13 - children
PPV23 - adults
What does PCV stand for?
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
What does PPV stand for?
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
The PCV contains polysaccharides from 13 capsular types. True or false?
True
The PPV contains polysaccarides from 23 capsular types. True or false?
True
Immunity to pneumonia develops how many weeks after receiving single dose of PPV?
3 weeks
How long does the immune response induced by PPV last?
<5 years
What is HiB?
An invasive disease caused by encapsulated subtypes of haemophilus
Non-encapsulated subtypes of haemophilus usually cause non-invasive disease such as?
Otitis media
Sinusitis
How many serotypes of haemophilus are there?
6 typeable capsular serotypes (a-f)
Individuals can carry strains of Hib in nose and throat without showing signs of disease. True or false?
True
Which 6 diseases does the 6-in-1 vaccine provide immunity against?
Polio Hib Pertussis Hep B Tetanus Diptheria
By conjugation capsular proteins with non-toxic proteins, it creates a greater immunogenic response in children. True or false?
True
