Inflammation, stress and disease Flashcards
In inflammation, there is increased capillary permeation. What happens?
Increased capillary permeation as a result of retraction of endothelial cells. Larger molecules than usual are able to escape from capillaries - soluble mediators of immunity are able to reach site of inflammation
In acute inflammation, following an infection, which cells are prevalent?
Neutrophils
In acute inflammation as a result of an allergic reaction, which cells are involved?
eosinophils and mast cells
In chronic inflammation, which cells are involved?
Macrophages and lymphocytes
Cancer is an inflammatory disease, True or false?
True
What are monokines secreted by?
Mononuclear phagocytes
What are lymphokines secreted by?
Activated T cells, especially T helper cells
What are the properties of cytokines?
Induction of inflammatory response
Development of cellular and humoral immune responses
Wound healing
Regulation of haematopoiesis
What causes the activation of the HPA axis?
Stress
Which group of patients have blunted cortisol effect i.e. no response to cortisol?
Depressed patients
How does cortisol impair immune function?
Changing cytokine secretion - mainly decreasing level of TNF
Decreasing IL-2
Inducing death of WBCs
Decreasing inflammatory response
Chronic stress leads to decrease in cortisol levels. True or false?
False - consistently elevated cortisol and catecholamine levels
In obesity, there is an increase in the number and size of _______
adipocytes
In obesity, the change in composition of adipose tissue has a number of consequences. What are they?
Increased secretion of leptin and inflammatory cytokines
Decreased secretion of adiponectin
What are ways in which immunogenicity can be reduced?
Change the amino acid sequence of the product or glycosylation pattern of the protein
Link proteins to polymers
Use humanised versions of proteins
Select another route of administration
