Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Public (Y2) > Antimicrobials - B-lactams > Flashcards

Antimicrobials - B-lactams Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall synthesis can be targeted in bacteria using B-lactams. However, vancomycin cannot be used. True or false?

A

False - B-lactams and vancomycin can be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is more difficult to prevent bonds being formed than break them in a bacterial cell wall. True or false?

A

False - more difficult to break bonds than prevent them from being formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gram stain on gram positive bacteria cannot be washed out by acetone. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gram stain on gram negative cannot be washed out by acetone. True or false?

A

False - can be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are norcardiform bacteria gram positive or negative?

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give two examples of norcardiform bacteria.

A

M.tuberculosis and mycobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The cross-link of polysaccharide chains on peptidoglycans is species dependent. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What sort of reaction forms crosslinks on peptidoglycans?

A

Transpeptidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give three examples of B-lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who discovered penicillins?

A

Fleming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was the main barrier Fleming faced when producing penicillin?

A

Cultivating the fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the antibacterial broth prepared from in Flemings discovery of penicillin?

A

penicillium notatum fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three amino acids that make up penicillin G?

A

Cysteine
Valine
Phenylalanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do B-lactams work?

A

form covalent interactions with transpeptidase/carboxypeptidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

6-aminopenicillinic acid is a ____________ penicillin

A

semi-synthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

6-aminopenicillinic acid has independent antibacterial activity. True or false?

A

False - can be built up in lab to produce amoxicillin

17
Q

Penicillin G is resistant to B-lactamases. True or false?

A

False- sensitive to them

18
Q

Which penicillin can be taste-masked?

A

Amoxicillin

19
Q

Which class of B-lactamase enzymes is amoxicillin resistant to?

A

Class 1

20
Q

Which two penicillins are resistant to all B-lactamases?

A

Flucloxicillin

Methicillin

21
Q

1st generation cephalosporins are widely used today. True or false?

A

False - rarely used

22
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins are administered orally. Are they gram positive or negative?

A

Negative

23
Q

Are 3rd generation cephalosporins gram negative or positive?

A

negative

24
Q

Cefaclor is a 2nd generation cephalosporin. Which bacteria is it mainly used against?

A

Haemophilus

25
Q

Which generation of cephalosporins is ceftriaxone?

A

3rd generation

26
Q

Carbapenems have narrow-spectrum activity. True or false?

A

False - broad-spectrum

27
Q

Carbapenems are resistant to most B-lactamases. True or false?

A

True

28
Q

Imipenem is rapidly deactivated by the kidneys unless administered with _______

A

cilastatin

29
Q

Astreonam is the only monobactam. True or false?

A

True

30
Q

Vancomycin is a ribosomal peptide. True or false?

A

False - non-ribosomal

31
Q

Vancomycin is used to treat gram-negative infections only. True or false?

A

False - gram positive infections only

32
Q

Vancomycin is usually injected. Why?

A

Because the digestive system hydrolyses peptides

33
Q

Vancomycin can be used to treat MRSA. However, there is a preferred treatment. What is it?

A

rifampicin-vancomycin combination

34
Q

What is oral vancomycin used for?

A

clostridium difficile (infections of the gut)

35
Q

What is an alternative drug to vancomycin that has a very similar mode of action?

A

Teicoplanin

36
Q

Vancomycin side effects may have been exaggerated early on. Why?

A

Due to impure preparations

The Public (Y2) (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions