Antivirals Flashcards
Herpes virus and chickenpox are DNA viruses. True or false?
True
If the RNA segment in a virus is used as mRNA directly, is it a positive or negative sense virus?
Positive
If RNA segment in a virus is copied using a polymerase to give mRNA. Is it a positive or negative sense virus?
Negative
Influenza and ebola are negative sense viruses. True or false?
True
Is hep B a DNA or RNA virus?
DNA but with a retroviral phase
Is polio virus a positive or negative sense virus?
Positive
Influenza B is exclusive to humans, seals and ferrets. True or false?
True
Amantidine and Rimantidine are antivirals that are no longer recommended. What are the recommended ones?
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Amantidine and rimantidine are acids. True or false?
False - tricyclic amines
What is the natural substrate of neuraminidase in influenza?
Sialic acid
Zanamivir and oseltamivir are transition state inhibitors. True or false?
True
Zanamivir is very polar with poor biolavailability. True or false?
True
How is zanamivir administered?
Inhalation
Oseltamivir is an ester prodrug. True or false?
True - converted into free COOH in the GIT
Human rhinovirus is a negative sense virus. True or false?
False - positive sense
Acyclovir is only used in HSV 1 and 2, not chickenpox. True or false?
False
Acyclovir is a purine analogue. True or false?
True
cellular thymidine kinase has a lower affinity for acyclovir than viral thymidine kinase and so acyclovir doesn’t affect normal cells. True or false?
True
Acyclovir is used topically or injected. True or false?
True
Ganciclovir is less toxic than acyclovir. True or false?
False
Peniciclovir is an isostere of which antiviral?
Ganciclovir
Famiciclovir is a prodrug of which antiviral?
Peniciclovir
Valaciclovir is a prodrug. True or false?
True - valine ester of acyclovir
Viruses that lack thymidine kinase are resistant to acyclovir. True or false?
True
There is no known cure for HIV. True or false?
True
What are the three groups of anti-HIV drugs?
NRTIs
NNRTIs
Protease inhibitors
How do NRTIs work?
AZT is phosphorylated by host thymidine kinase into triphosphate AZT, which is an inhibitor or reverse transcriptase
Didanosine, emtricitabine and lamivudine are examples of which type of anti-HIV drugs?
NRTIs
How do protease inhibitors work for HIV treatment?
They act as transition state inhibitors
Saquinivir, Ritonavir and Indinavir are examples of which group of anti-HIV drugs?
Protease inhibitors
How do NNRTIs work?
They act remotely at the active site and don’t require phosphorylation.
Neviripine, efavirenz and delavirdine are examples of which group of anti-HIV drugs?
NNRTIs
How does enfuviritde work in treating HIV?
It inhibits the fusion of HIV virus to the host
