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SHB - Exam 3 > Meningeal CSF > Flashcards

Meningeal CSF Flashcards

1
Q

What composes the leptomeninges?

A

Pia + Arachnoid

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2
Q

What are the fibers of the ARACHNOID that extend onto the brain & attack to PIA?

A

TRABECULAE

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3
Q

What are the 3 meningeal coverings?

A
  1. Dura
  2. Arachnoid (forms the barrrier to not let anything from DURA into cranial cavity)
  3. PIA
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4
Q

What meningeal layer:

  1. Provides mechanical strength
  2. Has no spaces on either side
  3. contains VENOUS SINUSES
  4. Has its own blood supply
  5. Pain sensitive
A

DURA

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5
Q

What innervates the dura?

A

Front = TRIGEMINAL N.

Back of Skull = Cervical Nerves (C1, C2)

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6
Q

What part of the dura separates the left & right hemisphere? Which part of the dura houses the Cerebellum?

A
  1. Falx Cerebri

2. Tentorium Cerebelli

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7
Q

What is found within the Tentorial Notch?

A

BRAINSTEM

  • how brainstem connects with brain
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8
Q

Where does CSF drain into?Through what structure of the Arachnoid Mater?

A
  1. VENOUS sinuses

2. Arachnoid VIlli

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9
Q

How would a skin infection enter through the sinus pathways?

A

EMISSARY VEINS

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10
Q

What is the first barrier? Second?

A

Arachnoid

Pia

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11
Q

What suspends the brain?

A

Arachnoid Trabeculae

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12
Q

Where do cerebral arteries and veins travel?

Where is this space found?

A

SUBARACHNOID SPACE

  • space found between ARACHNOID & Pia and is filled with CSF
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13
Q

What covers the surface of the brain?

A

PIA MATER

  • abuts against astrocyte feet at surface of CNS
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14
Q

Where in the body is the PIA covering thickened? What are these 2 places in this region called?

A
  1. SPINAL CORD

2a. Denticulate Ligament
- anchor spinal cord to arachnoid

2b. Filum Terminale
- ancor spinal cord to spinal dural sheath

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15
Q

Where is the inner layer of cranial dura continuous with the spinal dural sheath?

A

FORAMEN MAGNUM

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16
Q

Where is there an epidural

space? Where does the spinal dura & arachnoid end?

A

SPINE
- outside vertebral bodies & cranial cavity

  • between periosteum & dura
    2. END AT L1/L2
17
Q

What connects the Lateral Ventricles to the 3rd Ventricle? The 3rd ventricle to the 4th?

A
  1. Interventricular Foramen (Foramen of Monroe)

2. Cerebral Aqueduct

18
Q

Where does the 3rd ventricle open? Cerebral Aqueduct? 4th?

A
  1. THalamus
  2. Midbrain
  3. CEREBELLUM
19
Q

How does CSF exit the 4th ventricle?

A

2 Lateral and 1 median Aperture

  1. Foramen of Luschka
  2. Foramen of Magendie
20
Q

What are the 3 places CSF is made? What absorbs it in these locations?

A
  1. CHOROID PLEXU (main)
  2. Capillaries
  3. Metabolic

ALL absorbed by ARACHNOID VILLA

21
Q

What is the Blood-CSF barrier? What are the 3 main components?

A

CHOROID PLEXUS

  1. Pia
  2. Capillary - fenestrated*
    = vascular**
  3. CHOROID EPITHELIUM
    - ependymal cells w/ tight junctions
22
Q

What type of cells line the ventricles?

A

EPENDYMAL CELLS (choroid epithelium) w/ TIGHT JUNCTIONS*

  • water transported ACTIVELY
23
Q

What is found outside the pia?

A

Subarachnoid space

24
Q

What are the 3 areas Choroid Plexus is made?

A
  1. Lateral Ventricle
  2. 3rd Ventricle
  3. 4th Ventricle
  • requires EPENDYMAL cells to be close to pia
25
Q

What is the step by step route of CSF? (5 steps)

A
  1. made in CHOROID PLEXUS of the VENTRICLES
  2. exits via Foramen of Luschka + Foramen of Magendie (median & lateral)
  3. move into CISTERNs
  4. through TENTORIAL NOTCH
  5. through ARACHNOID VILLI into Dural VENOUS SINUS
26
Q

Where does CSF end up? How?

A

VENOUS SINUSES

  • through ARACHNOID VILLI
27
Q

What 2 areas is the ependyma close to the pia?

A

Transverse Cerebellar FISSURE

& LATERAL VENTRICLES

28
Q

What are the 5 main functions of CSF?

A
  1. MECHANICAL SUPPORT (buoyancy)
  2. Buffering system
  3. COmmunication w/ extracellular fluid
  4. Sink for substances to be absorbed/reabsorbed
  5. SPREAD OF
    “neuroactive” HORMONES

= a TRANSPORT SYSTEM

29
Q

What is the pathological state of excessive CSF accumulation in ventricles or subarachnoid spaces?

A

HYDROCEPHALUS

30
Q

What is Hydrocephalus usually determined by?

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

insufficient absorption; classical hypothesis

31
Q

What are the 2 main circumventricular organs? Which is secretory and which is sensory?

A
  1. Area Postrema = SENSORY

2. Neurohypophysis = SECRETORY

32
Q

What makes Circumventricular Organs unique?

A

Lack a blood brain barrier
= NO TIGHT JUNCTIONS

(made of neurons, glia, ependymal cells, leptomeningeal, and vascular elements)

33
Q

What specialized cells overly the ependymal cells in CIRCUMVENTRICULAR organs?

A

Tanycytes

  • barrier between organ & ventricular CSF
34
Q

What are the common areas of meningeal bleeding/ abnormal spaces?

A
  1. Epidural
  2. Subdural
  3. Subarachnoid (aneurisms*)
  4. Intraparenchymal (in brain)
  5. Intraventricular
35
Q

What is the term for bleeding within the brain itself?

A

Intraparenchymal/ Intracerebral

36
Q

What is brain herniation?

A

develop a mass inside cavity and squeeze out CSF

  • due to tumor, hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury

= INCREASE IN INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

37
Q

What are common areas of herniation?

A
  1. Transtentorial Hematoma
  2. Subfalcine (falx pushed by hemisphere)
  3. Epidural Hematoma (dura pushed away from skull)
38
Q

Laceration of which artery is the cause for an EPIDURAL HEMATOMA?

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

SHB - Exam 3 (21 decks)

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