Hypothalamus Flashcards
What structure runs from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus?
Fornix
What is the main function of the hypothalamus?
- Homeostasis
- Species Survival Drives
- Emotional brain
- Autonomic information is controlled as well
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Modulating learned motor activity
a lot of Afferent info –> Nuc. of solitary tract GVA
Which nucleus is responsible for releasing hormones for the ANTERIOR pituitary and is affected by stress?
Arcuate Nucleus
What nucleus serves as our biological clock?
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- releases vasopressin
Which nucleus provides hormones for both the anterior & posterior pituitary, ANS via DMN-Vagus, Solitary Nucleus, IML, Ventrolateral Medulla, & locus ceroeleus?
Paraventricular Nucleus
What nucleus of the hypothalamus is responsible for memory? Which thalamic nucleus does this project to?
Mammillary NUcleus
(From hyppicampus to hypothalamus via fornix)
- projects to ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEI
What are the 3 main hypothalamic inputs?
- Fornix
- Stria Terminalis
- MEDIAL FOREBRAIN BUNDLE
What are the 3 monamines of importance to the hypothalamus?
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Seratonin
What are the 2 principle dopaminergic systems in the brain? Where do most fibers travel through?
- Nigostriatal System (basal ganglia - SN)
- Mesolimbic system - VTA
- fibers travel through the Median Forebrain Bundle
Norepinephrine is located where? What do they course through? Where does the pathway unite with the VTA to enter the amygdala & hypothalamus?
- Locus Ceruleus
- DORSAL TEGMENTAL BUNDLE
- MEDIAN FOREBRAIN BUNDLE
What two NT’s are responsible for keeping us awake?
- Norepinephrine
- Orexin
(from lateral hypothalamus)
Where does seratonin originate from? Where do they join noradrenergic fibers?
- dorsal & median RAPHE NUCLEI
2. MEDIAN FOREBRAIN BUNDLE in the lateral hypothalamus
What nucleus of the thalamus does the Mammilothalamic Tract project to? Where does it project to?
- Anterior Nucleus
2. Cingulate Gyrus
What is the primary function of the mammilary bodies?
Recollective memory
What is the order of the paper circuit (starting & ending at the cingulate gyrus?
- Cingulate gyrus
- Hippocampus
- Hypothalamus + Mammillary body (via fornix)
- ANTERIOR NUCLEUS of the hypothalamus
- Cingulate gyrus
What is the DIRECT pituitary control?
- POSTERIOR PITUITARY
- Neurohypophysis
- hormones made by hypothalamic neurons & transported via axons to the posterior pituitary
What is the indirect pituitary control?
- Anterior Pituitary
- Adenohypophysis
- microvascular capillaries transport the hormones
What is the mechanism of control of the hypothalamus?
SERVOMECHANISM
- via feedback
A 61-year-old woman presents with a complaint of persistently seeing "two of everything." The examination reveals a dilated left pupil and an inability to look up, down, or medially with that eye. MRI reveals an aneurysm of the basilar bifurcation. During surgery to clip this aneurysm, the small perforating branches of P1 (posterior perforating arteries) are inadvertently occluded by the clip. Which of the following structures would be most adversely affected by this disruption of blood supply? Anterior hypothalamic nucleus Mammillary nuclei Medial preoptic nuclei Paraventricular nucleus Tuberal region nuclei
B) Mammillary Nuclei
Which of the following fiber bundles contains bidirectional connections between the septal nuclei, lateral hypothalamic nucleus, tuberal nuclei, and brainstem areas such as the periaqueductal gray and the tegmental nuclei? Mammillotegmental tract Mammillothalamic tract Medial forebrain bundle Stria terminalis Stria medullaris thalami
C) Medial Forebrain Bundle
What is the correct pathway of the PAPEZ Circuit?
- Cingulate Gyrus
- Hippocampus
- Mammillary body (+Hypothalamus)
- Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus
