Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SHB - Exam 3 > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

What is responsible in MAKING a movement occur & keeping another movement from happening at the same time?

A

Basal Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What monitors movement that is occurring to make sure that it is the movement that NEEDS to occur (makes adjustments if not)

A

Cerebellum

  • unconscious information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the only sensory relay that does NOT go through the thalamus?

A

SMELL!!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

A
  1. Putamen

2. Globus Pallidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the striatum?

A
  1. Putamen

2. Caudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The sub thalamic nucleus and Substantia Nigra are both part of the ____ ______.

A

Basal Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What part of the Substantia Nigra is responsible for secreting dopamine?

A

SNc

  • COMPACTA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the Substantia Nigra is similar to GPi?

A

SNr

  • Reticularis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

most input into the Striatum comes from where?

A

Association Cortex

and frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a major output of the striatum?

A

Gpi & Gpe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 2 structures are found LATERAl to the internal capsule?

A

LENTIFORM nucleus

  1. Globus Pallidus
  2. Putamen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structure is found next to the LATERAL VENTRICLE?

A

Caudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is found in the POSTERIOR limb of the Internal Capsule? In the Genu?

A
  1. CST

2. Corticobulbar tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is Globus Pallidus efferent or afferent?

A

EFFERENT

  • info comes out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Information in the MOTOR loop of the basal ganglia projects to which nuclei in the thalamus?

A

VA & VL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structure tends to inhibit the thalamus?

A

GPi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What inhibits GPi? What provides excitatory output of the GPi?

A
  • Striatum inhibits GPi (with increased dopamine)

- STN (subthalamic nuclei) excite the GPi = thalamus is inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What neurotransmitter is excitatory? Inhibitory?

A
  1. GLUTAMATE

2. GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When GPi is active, is the thalamus active or inactive?

A

INACTIVE = no motor activity

20
Q

What are the 2 efferent fibers from GPi to the thalamus called?

A
  1. Ansa Lenticularis

2. Lenticular Fasciculus

21
Q

What are the efferent fibers from Gpe?

A

Subthalamis Fusciculus

—> project back to GPi through STN

22
Q

The subthalamic nucleus is a part of the Basal Ganglia. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

23
Q

What influences the LMN(lower motor neurons) via the cerebral cortex?

A

Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, Association COrtex

24
Q

Input to the striatum from the cortex is excitatory or inhibitory? What is the neurotransmitter?

A

EXCITATORY

  • GLUTAMATE
25
Q

Output from the Basal Ganglia is via what? Is this excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Gpi & SNr

  • GABA = INHIBITORY
26
Q

What determines whether the thalamus is suppressed or not?

A

the balance of excitatory & inhibitory inputs to the STRIATUM

27
Q

What two areas is the input excitatory?

A
  1. Input from the THALAMUS to the pre-motor cortex

2. Input from the ASSOCIATION cortex to the Striatum

28
Q

The following loops are concerned with what kind of movements:

  1. Motor loop
  2. Occulomotor
  3. Cognitive
  4. Limbic Loop
A
  1. concerned w/ learned movements
  2. Voluntary Saccades (eyeball movements)
  3. motor learning or “planning ahead”
  4. emotional motor expression
29
Q

The following loops use what Thalamic nuclei:

  1. Motor loop
  2. Occulomotor
  3. Cognitive (pre-frontal loop)
  4. Limbic Loop
A
  1. VA/VL
  2. Mediodorsal/ VA
  3. Mediodorsal/VA
  4. Mediodorsal
30
Q

Describe the steps of the DIRECT MOTOR pathway in the presence of DOPAMINE.

A
  1. SNc releases Dopamine
  2. D1 receptors active
  3. Striatum active
  4. Gpi = INACTIVE
  5. Thalamus = ACTIVE!
  • from VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus
    to the Pre-motor cortex

MOVEMENT OCCURS!!

31
Q

What kind of response does dopamine cause to the direct & indirect pathways?

A
  • activates the direct = more movement
  • D2 receptors inactive the INDIRECT pathway

result= MORE MOVEMENT!!!

32
Q

When there is no dopamine, what occurs in the direct pathway?

A
  1. Striatum inhibition on GPi is minimal
  2. Thalamic activity decreased
  3. cortex is “inhibited”
    - increase striatum inhibition of GPi by ADDING DOPAMINE
33
Q

Which pathway allows movement to occur? Which doesn’t?

A

Direct = movement

Indirect = no movement

34
Q

What occurs in the INDIRECT pathway (w/o dopamine)

A
  1. striatum is less inhibitory
  2. GPe is inactive
  3. STN active
  4. GPi active!
  5. Thalamus INACTIVE
  6. cortex inhibited

NO MOVEMENT

35
Q

When dopamine is added to the INDIRECT pathway, what is activated?

A

GPe is active

  • STN inactivated
  • GPi inactived
  • THALAMUS ACTIVE!!

= movement occurs

36
Q

What receptor inhibits the indirect pathway?

A

D2

37
Q

Which disease results in less motor activity? What is destroyed? Which NT’s are LOW?

A
  1. PARKINSON’s
  2. Substantia Nigra destroyed
  3. No DOPAMINE
  • SNc secretes dopamine
38
Q

Which pathway does Parkinson’s disease mostly affect?

A

DIRECT pathway!

  • release of normal inhibition on GPi
    -GPi is constantly active
  • thalamus inactive
    = no movement
39
Q

What disease results in the following symptoms:

  1. RIgidity
  2. Paucity of movement
  3. Problem initiating movement
A

PARKINSON’s

40
Q

If a person were weak, there would be damage where? If the person was NOT weak, what areas could have been affected?

A
  1. weak = Upper or Lower motor neurons
  2. not weak = Cerebellum + Basal Ganglia
    - association cortex
41
Q

What disease results in atrophy of the Striatum (extremely large ventricles as a result)

A

Huntington’s disease

  • striatum atrophies
42
Q

Would a person with Huntington’s disease show signs of increased movement or decreased movement?

A

INCREASED movement

43
Q

What is the likely cause of Huntington’s disease?

A
  • Direct pathways become more active than the INDIRECT pathway

(loss of stratal neurons in the indirect pathway)

  • w/o inhibition from Indirect pathway, thalamic neurons fire randomly causing movement w/ no control by patient
44
Q

Which disease results in an increase in spontaneous movement?

A

Huntington’s Disease

45
Q

Disorders in the basal ganglia are contralateral or ipsilateral?

A

Contralateral

SHB - Exam 3 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions