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SHB - Exam 3 > Cerebral Cortex 1 > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general function of the cerebral cortex?

A

Analyze, plan, initiate responses

  • personality of a person
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2
Q

What groove separates the FRONTAL from the Parietal lobe?

A

Rolandic fissure/Central Sulcus

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3
Q

What fissure separates Temporal from Parietal lobe?

A

Sylvian fissure

  • Lateral Sulcus*
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4
Q

What is the gyrus above corpus callosum?

A

Cingulate gyrus

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5
Q

What visual field is covered by the lower aspect of the Calcarine FIssure/Sulcus?

A

UPPER visual field

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6
Q

The reticular system of the cerebral cortex is responsible for what?

A

Adjust the level of responsiveness

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7
Q

Where are most of the neurons in the brain found?

A

CEREBELLUM!!

  • not the Cerebral cortex
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8
Q

How many layers is the Neocortex composed of?

A

6 layers

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9
Q

What type of cells are the only cells to LEAVE THE CORTEX and are the major cells in the brain? What do these look like?

A

PYRAMIDAL cells

  • long apical dendrites
  • excitatory (use Glutamate)

-DENDRITIC SPINES ARE MODIFIED BY LEARNING

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10
Q

What type of cells are inhibitory (use Gaba)?

A

Non- pyramidal

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11
Q

What are large pyramidal cells in the neocortex called? Small neurons?

A
  1. AGRANULAR = large pyramidal

2. Granular = small neurons

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12
Q

Where do most pyramidal cells (axons) sit in the Neocortex? (which layer)

A

layer 5

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13
Q

How is the neocortex arranged/organized?

A

COLUMNS

  • similar function = close by
  • made up of Radioglial cells (give rise to neurons)
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14
Q

What is the largest connection of the brain?

A

Corpus Callosum

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15
Q

Which part of the corpus callous is found in the FRONTAL lobe? the occipital/temporal lobes?

A
  1. Genu

2. SPlenium

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16
Q

What commissure connects the temporal lobes together & olfactory components?

A

Anterior Commissure

17
Q

What is one commissure that does NOT receive fibers from the Corpus Callosum?

A
  1. Anterior Comissure
18
Q

What is an important association bundle/fasciculus that wraps around the corpus callosum?

A

Cingulum

think cingulate gyrus is in the same location

19
Q

What is the fasciculus/association bundle that connects Broca’s Area to Wiernecke’s area?

A

Superior Longitudinal

OR

Arcuate Fasciculus

20
Q

Define primary neocortical areas. What are the 5 major ones?

  1. Primary motor
  2. Primary somatosensory
  3. Primary Visual
  4. Primary Auditory
  5. Primary Gustatory
A
  • input from thalamic nuclei & output to brainstem & spinal cord
  1. Precentral (4) - VA/VL
  2. Postcentral (312) - VPL
  3. Calcarine - Area 17 - Lateral Geniculate
  4. Transverse Temporal Gyrus - Area 41
    - medial geniculate
  5. Primary Gustatory - Insula (anterior)
21
Q

What does the insult do?

A

SMELL

22
Q

What is the only sense that does not go to the thalamus?

A

SMELL

23
Q

What are unimodal association areas?

A

More complex response functions

  • less precise body maps
  • injury can cause Agnosia
24
Q

What are Association area are the following related to?

  1. Premotor (6)
  2. Supplementory Motor (6)
  3. Somatosensory (5,7)
  4. Visual (18,19)
A

UNIMODAL association areas

25
Q

What association area provides the HIGH LEVEL INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONS?

A

MULTIMODAL

26
Q

Injury to Multimodal association areas can cause what?

A
  1. Apraxia (motor)

2. Neglect (sensory)

27
Q

Which association area is the Parieto-occipital temporal region?

A

Multimodal

-sensory areas but also input from pulvinar

28
Q

Injury to the right inferior parietal lobule can cause what? What about the left parietal area?

A

RIGHT = NEGLECT

LEFT = Apraxia

29
Q

What is neglect syndrome?

A

Someone who has normal sensation but will neglect other stimuli or things occurring in that area
(multimodal)

30
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Individual have underlying strength, but cannot perform a complicated activity

31
Q

Do the multimodal association areas have homunculus distributions?

A

NO

  • but are functionally interrelated
32
Q

What are the 3 main multimodal association areas?

A
  1. Parieto-occipital-temporal region
  2. Prefrontal Area
  3. Limbic area
33
Q

Where is EXECUTIVE function found in the multimodal association areas?Where is emotional & drive related behaviors?

A
  1. Prefrontal area
    - working memory & decision making
  2. Limbic Area
34
Q

Most of the brain is which association area?

A

MULTIMODAL

35
Q

What kind of syndrome results from white matter interfering between connections of the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

A

Disconnection Syndrome

36
Q

What is an example of a disconnection syndrome? What are the symptoms of this syndrome?

A

Alexia without Agraphia

  • can write, but cannot read
  • visual system is affected as well (cannot see right side)
  • in LEFT Hemisphere
37
Q

Which hemisphere contains Broca’s Area & Wiernecke’s area? What connects these 2 areas?

A

LEFT Hemisphere

  • Arcuate Fasciculus
38
Q

Which area is responsible for Motor Functions of speech? For comprehension of speech?

A
  1. Broca (frontal lobe)

2. WIernecke’s (parietal lobe)

39
Q

A stroke in the occipital lobe would most like be which artery?

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery

SHB - Exam 3 (21 decks)

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