Limbic System Flashcards
1. The landmark that separates the lateral and medial zones of the hypothalamus is the a. anterior commissure. b. dorsal longitudinal fasciculus. c. fornix. d. medial forebrain bundle. e. stria terminalis.
C) fornix
2. The mammillary bodies are part of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ region of the hypothalamus. a. anterior b. tuberal c. posterior d. lateral
C) posterior
The timekeeping neurons that control most circadian rhythms are located in the a. amygdala. b. hippocampus. c. paraventricular nucleus. d. suprachiasmatic nucleus. e. supraoptic nucleus.
D) Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Production of anterior pituitary hormones is
controlled by
a. direct neural input from the supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei.
b. direct neural input from neurons in the
tuber cinereum.
c. hormones secreted by the supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei and released into
hypothalamic blood vessels.
d. releasing and inhibiting factors secreted
into the pituitary portal circulation by
hypothalamic neurons.
d. releasing and inhibiting factors secreted
into the pituitary portal circulation by
hypothalamic neurons.
The stria terminalis interconnects the _______
and the _______.
a. amygdala, hippocampus
b. amygdala, hypothalamus
c. cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus
d. nucleus of the solitary tract, hypothalamus
B) Amygdala & Hypothalamus
6. Most or all neurons that use histamine as a neurotransmitter are located in the a. amygdala. b. brainstem. c. hippocampus. d. hypothalamus. e. septal nuclei.
Hypothalamus
The amygdala receives substantial inputs from
a. built-in temperature-sensitive neurons.
b. the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.
c. primary visual cortex.
d. the ventral striatum.
e. visual association cortex.
E) Visual Association Cortex
9. Efferents from the amygdala to the thalamus mostly terminate in the \_\_\_\_\_ nucleus. a. anterior b. dorsomedial c. lateral geniculate d. pulvinar e. ventral lateral
B) dorsomedial
- A 39-year-old handball hustler reported that
every time he looked at a court where he had
lost a match in the finals of a tournament the
previous year, his blood pressure went up. The
most important neural link underlying this
reaction was a projection from the _______ to
the _______.
a. amygdala, hippocampus
b. amygdala, hypothalamus
c. amygdala, thalamus
d. hippocampus, amygdala
e. hypothalamus, amygdala
f. thalamus, hypothalamus
b) amygdala & hypothalamus
Where is the amygdala found?
By the uncut of the limbic lobe
- anterior end of hippocampus & inferior horn of lateral ventricle
What are the 3 nuclei of the Amygdala? What are they responsible for?
- Medial - olfactory
- Central - emotional response
- Basolateral - emotions & their expressions (linked to parahippocampus & etnorhinal )
- linked to CENTRAL NUCLEI
Smell is one of humans most accurate memories, which nucleus of the Amygdala is responsible for smell?
MEDIAL
What are the inputs to the following Amygdala Nuclei:
- Medial
- Central
- Basolateral
- Olfactory info
- Visceral sensory input
- visual, auditory, somatosensory
What is the main function of the amygdala?
- Remembering if an event is good or bad
2. Triggering an appropriate response next time a similar event occurs
What are the OUTPUTS of the amygdala? Which nuclei of the thalamus does the amygdala project to?
- Stria terminalis
- Ventral Amygdalofugal pathway
- go to the DORSOMEDIAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS
Which nuclei of the thalamus does the amygdala project to?
Dorsomedial Nucleus
What is the function of the hippocampus?
Remembering that an event occurred
What is Kluver - Bucy Syndrome?
What are the 5 main symptoms?
Bilateral lesions to TEMPORAL LOBES
- Docility
- Hyperphagia
- Hypersexuality
- Hyperorality
- Visual Agnosia
- this would not occur during a stroke –> would be unilateral
CT confirms several broken bones of the face and jaw, and also reveals damage and acute blood bilaterally in the area of the anterior temporal lobe. In the immediate future, which of the following will this man most likely experience?
- Asperger disorder
- Broca aphasia
- Klüver-Bucy syndrome
- Wallenberg syndrome
- Wernicke syndrome
- Kluver - Bucy Syndrome
Efferents from the amygdala to the thalamus primarily terminate in the:
A)Anterior nucleus B) Dorsomedial nucleus C) Lateral geniculate nucleus D) Pulvinar nucleus E) Ventral lateral nucleus
B) Dorsomedial Nucleus
What are the 4 connections of the Papez Circuit?
- Cingulate Gyrus
- Hippocampus (via fornix:)
- Hypothalamus/Mammillary bodies
- Anterior Nucleus of the thalamus
What tract connects the Hypothalamus to the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus?
Mammillothalamic Tract
What connects the Hippocampus to the Hypothalamus?
Fornix
What are the 2 components of the hippocampus?
- Dentate Gyrus
2. Hippocampus Proper
What part of the hippocampus is the major interface between the hippocampus and ASSOCIATION cortex?
Parahippocampal Gyrus (Entorhinal Cortex)
Bilateral damage to the hippocampus, or to diencephalic areas they are interconnected with cause:
Anterograde Amnesia
- (retrograde amnesia is limited to a few hours or days)
What kind of cells is the hippocampus made of?
Pyramidal
What are the inputs to the hippocampus?
- Unimodal
- Multimodal
- Limbic Cortical Areas
- Septal Nuclei (choliergic inputs)
- AMYGDALA
How does the Septal Nuclei reach the hippocampus?
traveling backwards through the FORNIX
What connection affects the probability that something will be recorded as a declarative memory?
Amygdala to Hippocampal connection
What are the OUTPUTS from the hippocampus?
- Unimodal
- Multimodal
- Limbic Cortical Areas
- MAMMILLARY BODIES (through the fornix)
The Mammillary Bodies are connected to the hippocampus by the _____. They project to what nucleus of the thalamus via the Mammillothalamic tract?
- FORNIX
2. Anterior Nucleus of the thalamus
The main hippocampal out put, which is part of the Papex Circuit is :
Mammillary Bodies/ Hypothalamuc
What disease can arise from damage to the Hippocampus?
ALZHEIMER’s
What are 3 other ways that the hippocampus (and brain) can be damaged?
- Hypoxia
- Encephalitis
- Epilepsy
- bilateral temporal lesions
Bilateral lesions of the temporal lobes results in anterograde amnesia that only affects WHICH TYPE OF MEMORY?
Declarative Memory!
- facts
(non-declarative = skills)
The function of laying down or consolidating memories is due to the Hippocampus, where are the memories stored?
NOT IN HIPPOCAMPUS
- stored elsewhere
What will result with damage to the Mammillary Nuclei of the Hypothalamus?
- input from hypothalamus via fornix
CRITICAL FOR SPACIAL MEMORY/POSITION OF HEAD IN SPACE
How does Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome occur?
- lack of B1 vitamin due to alcohol abuse, dietary deficiency, prolonged vomiting, eating disorders
What is the ACUTE phase of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
What is the CHRONIC phase of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome? What are some symptoms associated?
Korsakoff’s Amnesic Syndrome
-memory disorder, confabulation
She is warmed and revived; her heart rate and breathing are reestablished. MRI reveals bilateral lesions in the hippocampal formation. Which of the following may this girl experience?
- Aphasia with agraphia
- Hypermetamorphosis
- Loss of long-term memory
- Loss of short-term memory
- Transient global amnesia
Loss of Short Term Memory
The majority of fibers in the fornix system connect the __________ to the __________.
a) amygdala, hypothalamus
b) amygdala, septal nuclei
c) cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus
d) hippocampus, hypothalamus
d) hippocampus to hypothalamus
specifically: Mammillary Nucleus of Hypothalamus
