Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SHB - Exam 3 > Blood Supply > Flashcards

Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

Which artery supplies the CEREBRUM/cerebral cortex? the Brainstem & Cerebellum?

A
  1. Cerebrum = INTERNAL CAROTID
  2. Cerebellum + Brainstem = VERTEBROBASILAR
    - areas affected during stroke*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the internal carotid bifurcate into? Which artery supplies the medial portion of brain, and which lateral?

A

Anterior & Middle Cerebral Artery

Anterior = Medial portion

MCA = Lateral portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the Vertebrobasilar A. bifurcate into?

What are the main branches of the VERTEBRAL A.?

A

Posterior Cerebral A.

  1. Posterior Spinal A.
  2. Anterior Spinal A.
  3. PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar A.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is referred to as the Anterior circulation of the brain? Posterior?

A

Anterior = Internal Carotid

Posterior = Vertebrobasilar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the Basilar A. found?

A

Under pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What connects the Internal Carotid & Vertebral-Basilar A.?

A

Posterior COmmunicating A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do 80% of strokes occur? Which branch of this artery is the likely source?

A

INTERNAL CAROTID

  • Middle Cerebral A. is involved most often (lateral aspects of brain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the circle of willis? What is its function?

A

Connects the Anterior & Posterior Circulation (carotid w/ Vertebrobasilar)

  • allows blood to bypass OBSTRUCTION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What supplies DEEP cerebral structures?

A

Small perforating Arteries
or Ganglionic A.
(base of brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What supplies deep structures of diencephalon, hypothalamus, and telencephalon?

A

MCA branches

= LENTICULOSTRIATES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the arteries of the circle of Willis?

A
  1. Anterior Communicating A.
  2. Posterior Communicating A.
  3. Posterior Cerebral A.
  • most people have an incomplete circle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the brain receive blood supply? Which structures do these vessels supply?

A

Perforating Arteries

= supply DEEP CRITICAL structures

  • susceptible to diseases:
    high blood pressure (renal failure, eye failure, because of tiny vessels)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the critical component of the BBB?

A

ENDOTHELIAL cells with TIGHT JUNCTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the supportive cells of the BBB? the WBC (white blood cells) of the brain?

A
  1. Astrocytes

2. Microglial Cels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the neurovascular unit?

A
  • forms the blood brain barrier

= Astrocytes, Endothelial Cells, Microglial Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

At what ml of blood do neurons stop generating electrical signals? Necrosis?

A
  1. 20 ml
  2. 10 ml

(normally 55ml)

17
Q

How is blood flow controlled?

A
  1. AUTOREGULATION
    - arterial & smooth muscle
  2. Metabolic
    = increased neuronal activity
18
Q

What is the function of the BBB?

A

= Neurovascular unit

  1. restricts ionic/fluid movement
  2. Supplies essential nutrients
  3. Mediates efflux of waste/toxic products
19
Q

What are the 4 main components of the BBB?

A
  1. Capillary Endothelial cells
  2. Astrocytes (communicate w/ other cells)
  3. Pericytes
  4. Neuronal Processes/Microglial Cells
20
Q

How does the BBB communicate with other cells?

A

via Astrocytes

  • main barrier is ENDOTHELIAL, everything else adjusts the barrier**
  • have a range of receptors & transmitters on the ENDOTHELIAL Cells
21
Q

What does the valveless Cerebral Vein drain through?

A

INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

22
Q

What veins connect extracranial veins w/ dural sinuses?

A

EMISSARY VEINS

23
Q

Where do the Cerebellar & brainstem veins drain into?

A

Great Vein of Galen

24
Q

How do the Superficial Veins get to the Transverse Sinus? (4)

A
  1. Superficial Veins
  2. Superior Sagital Sinus
  3. Confluence of Sinuses **
  4. Transverse Sinus
25
Q

How do the Deep Veins get to the Transverse Sinus? (6)

A
  1. Deep Veins
  2. Internal Cerebral V
  3. GREAT VEIN OF GALEN
  4. Straight Sinus
  5. CONFLUENCE OF SINUSES**
  6. Transverse sinus
26
Q

Where do both the superficial and deep veins drain?

A

Confluence of sinuses –> TRANSVERSE SINUS

  • venous blood is connected
27
Q

Is there an epidural space typically? What usually is found here? what forms the 2 layers

A

NO!

  • Middle Meningeal A.
  • if trauma = blood fills & creates EPIDURAL hematoma
  • 2 layers = DURA + SKULL
28
Q

What is the term for blood pushing away the dura from the skull by a hematoma?

A

HERNIATION

29
Q

What is a subdural hematoma?

A

Blood outside the skull

SHB - Exam 3 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions